PRAXIS Elementary Education: Practice Test
Questions Already Passed
Piaget - Constructivism
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Learning evolves in complexity and becomes complete over time as individuals build upon prior
knowledge and experiences. ----- #1 Learning is an individualized process -------- #2 Learners
must be active in the learning process
Vysgotsky - Socio Cultural or Social Development
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Children learn better collaboratively, than alone. The "zone of proximal development" is the
difference between what a child can do on their own and what they can accomplish w/
assistance.
Bronfenbrenner - Ecological Model
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Child is in the center of integrated system involving four components:
Microsystem: the entities with which the child directly interacts
Mesosystem: the entities surrounding and working for , but not directly affecting the child.
Exosystem: the broader community in which the child lives including extended family, friends of
the family, and social services
Macrosystem: The attitudes, ideologies, and culture in which the child lives
Maslow - Hierarchy of Needs
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Once child has their hierarchy of needs met, they can properly learn.
Level I -- Basic Needs; freedom, physical, exploration
,Level II -- Security, Protection, Safety
Level III -- Closeness and Love
Level IV -- Esteem and Self Esteem
Level V -- Self-actualization
Erikson - Psychological Theory
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Eight incremental personality-related stages that each influence development.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8.Integrity vs. Despair
Cognitive Domain
Language/Communication domain
Physical domain
Social-Emotional domain
Self-help/Adaptive Behavior domain
What are the (5) domains of learning?
Cognitive Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
The most critical domain comprising mental skills essential to developing all other domains.
Primary mental skills:
thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, remembering, decision-making, naming, recognizing,
understanding cause-and-effect, and analyzing perceptions.
Related Theorists: Skinner and Piaget
Language/Communication Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Children are introduced to reading and writing in early literacy development. Exposure to
, stimuli related to oral language and listening skills are crucial to the development of reading
and writing skills later.
Physical (motor) Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Children collect data through physical interactions with their environment. Specific areas
include:
- gross motor (large muscles)
- fine motor (small muscles)
- sensory integration
- perceptual (movement coordination)
Related Theorists: Gesell, Piaget, Ayres, and Kephart
Social-Emotional Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
When children gain social skills through interactive experiences, they gain self-esteem, self-
confidence, and self-competence.
Self Help/Adaptive Behavior Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Necessary personal skills result from routines influenced by parental involvement. Involves
child's age, level of development, and families cultural beliefs, morals, and values
Educational Pedagogy
The discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education
Cognitive Theory
The internal mental processes that acquire knowledge include problem-solving, memory, and
language. These all help people to understand, analyze, and solve problems.
Cohesive tie
A word or phrase that creates a link between sentences or between a sentence and its content
to make a connection for the reader
The KWL Strategy
Questions Already Passed
Piaget - Constructivism
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Learning evolves in complexity and becomes complete over time as individuals build upon prior
knowledge and experiences. ----- #1 Learning is an individualized process -------- #2 Learners
must be active in the learning process
Vysgotsky - Socio Cultural or Social Development
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Children learn better collaboratively, than alone. The "zone of proximal development" is the
difference between what a child can do on their own and what they can accomplish w/
assistance.
Bronfenbrenner - Ecological Model
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Child is in the center of integrated system involving four components:
Microsystem: the entities with which the child directly interacts
Mesosystem: the entities surrounding and working for , but not directly affecting the child.
Exosystem: the broader community in which the child lives including extended family, friends of
the family, and social services
Macrosystem: The attitudes, ideologies, and culture in which the child lives
Maslow - Hierarchy of Needs
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Once child has their hierarchy of needs met, they can properly learn.
Level I -- Basic Needs; freedom, physical, exploration
,Level II -- Security, Protection, Safety
Level III -- Closeness and Love
Level IV -- Esteem and Self Esteem
Level V -- Self-actualization
Erikson - Psychological Theory
[HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THEORY]
Eight incremental personality-related stages that each influence development.
1. Trust vs. Mistrust
2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
3. Initiative vs. Guilt
4. Industry vs. Inferiority
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation
8.Integrity vs. Despair
Cognitive Domain
Language/Communication domain
Physical domain
Social-Emotional domain
Self-help/Adaptive Behavior domain
What are the (5) domains of learning?
Cognitive Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
The most critical domain comprising mental skills essential to developing all other domains.
Primary mental skills:
thinking, reasoning, problem-solving, remembering, decision-making, naming, recognizing,
understanding cause-and-effect, and analyzing perceptions.
Related Theorists: Skinner and Piaget
Language/Communication Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Children are introduced to reading and writing in early literacy development. Exposure to
, stimuli related to oral language and listening skills are crucial to the development of reading
and writing skills later.
Physical (motor) Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Children collect data through physical interactions with their environment. Specific areas
include:
- gross motor (large muscles)
- fine motor (small muscles)
- sensory integration
- perceptual (movement coordination)
Related Theorists: Gesell, Piaget, Ayres, and Kephart
Social-Emotional Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
When children gain social skills through interactive experiences, they gain self-esteem, self-
confidence, and self-competence.
Self Help/Adaptive Behavior Domain
[DOMAIN OF LEARNING]
Necessary personal skills result from routines influenced by parental involvement. Involves
child's age, level of development, and families cultural beliefs, morals, and values
Educational Pedagogy
The discipline that deals with the theory and practice of education
Cognitive Theory
The internal mental processes that acquire knowledge include problem-solving, memory, and
language. These all help people to understand, analyze, and solve problems.
Cohesive tie
A word or phrase that creates a link between sentences or between a sentence and its content
to make a connection for the reader
The KWL Strategy
