WGU D096 Fundamentals of Diverse Learners Latest Exam Guide

WGU D096 Fundamentals of Diverse Learners Latest Exam Guide WGU D096 Fundamentals of Diverse Learners Latest Exam Guide The disability category with the highest percentage of children served under IDEA is ___________. << correct answer >> specific learning disability (SLD) True or False A student's medical diagnosis determines whether the student qualifies for special education and related services in a public education setting. << correct answer >> False True or False A student's educational disability category determines the types of supports and services the student is allowed to receive. << correct answer >> False Specific Learning Disability << correct answer >> Eva is a sixth-grade student who has a difficult time comprehending what she reads in class. She finds herself reading and rereading the same pages, trying to find meaning in the text. Additionally, Eva experiences difficulty following directions, often missing important steps. She finds herself falling behind in class and feeling as though she cannot keep up with her peers. Autism << correct answer >> Mateo is a kindergarten student with a lot of energy. His favorite activities are sensory-based. He enjoys playing alone in the sand at recess. Mateo repeatedly grabs a handful of sand and watches it sift through his fingers. When he is excited, he spins in circles. Mateo has a difficult time transitioning to new activities and becomes agitated when his routine is changed. Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) << correct answer >> Talia is a tenth-grade student. After hitting their head on the side of a pool during a swim meet, they began experiencing difficulty in school with focus, follow-through, and organization. They frequently misplaced their school materials and missed the deadline for several assignments. Additionally, Talia has experienced difficulty sitting in rooms with overhead lighting, causing them to wear sunglasses inside. True or False Individuals with the same disability category qualify for the same special education and related services programming. << correct answer >> False A high school special education student diagnosed with autism received special education services and related support for social pragmatic (social skills) therapy from a speech-language pathologist. The student requires some academic support, primarily in written expression and task management, which happens within the general education environment in a co-taught English class with an English teacher and an assigned special education teacher. The student also receives speech-language therapy twice per week. This student's time out of the general education environment is minimal. What type of educational placement would this student receive, given the needs and the supports and services received? << correct answer >> Modified general education class A common learning challenge associated with a learning disability that makes it difficult to complete math tasks, such as addition, subtraction, and division is ______________ << correct answer >> dyscalculia A student in your fourth-grade classroom has a very difficult time writing. The student is slow to formulate letters and often writes the letters in an unusual way. The student's ability to answer questions orally is outstanding. In class, a teacher's assistant often acts as a scribe. Which type of learning disability does this student display characteristics of? << correct answer >> Dysgraphia Choose whether or not the characteristics provided are common characteristics of a student with a learning disability. << correct answer >> Difficulty discriminating between or among sounds in words, letters in writing, or numbers, Difficulty reading text fluently, stumbling on sounding out words, and replacing words in text with words that have similar meaning, Difficulty with organizing school materials, information, and directions, as well as challenges prioritizing and keeping track of tasks Nonverbal learning disorder << correct answer >> Difficulty following a classroom demonstration, causing confusion and difficulty with understanding conclusions and replication dyslexia << correct answer >> Difficulty reading text independently, despite comprehending information read to them, which could impact their ability to access and engage in meaningful classroom discussions and activities dysgraphia << correct answer >> Difficulty with written information on exams or essays, despite solid comprehension of a topic Language processing disorder << correct answer >> Difficulty participating in classroom discussions and activities, but often has many related and relevant thoughts on the topic at hand 504 Plan << correct answer >> Hannah is a student with a severe peanut allergy. She requires an EpiPen be available at all times during her school day in the event she has an allergic reaction. In order for Hannah to be safe navigating her school day, her environment must be nut-free. 504 Plan << correct answer >> A student diagnosed with ADHD by a physician has difficulty focusing on exams in the general education environment. The student is easily distracted by the noises and people in the class, resulting in incomplete work being turned in. The work that does get completed demonstrates that the student has a solid understanding of the curriculum. IEP (Individualized Education Plan) << correct answer >> A student in a fifth-grade classroom struggles to follow directions in class, complete assignments on time or in an appropriate manner, and identify important concepts and related details in reading. A teacher reported the student is performing significantly below peers across content subjects. Section 504 << correct answer >> Does not require the formal, detailed plans that are part of an IEP IDEA << correct answer >> Provides additional funding to states for eligible students Section 504 << correct answer >> Contains explicit language protecting individuals with disabilities from harassment or retaliation based on their disability IDEA << correct answer >> Limited to students with an educational need Section 504 << correct answer >> No age restriction True or False The team that writes IEPs or 504 plans must include a special education teacher. << correct answer >> True True or False Federal law funds and regulates the education of gifted and talented students in the public education sector. << correct answer >> False High-energy, impulsivity, nonstop talking, insatiable curiosity << correct answer >> Behavioral Wide interests, keen sense of humor, little concern for social norms, inventiveness << correct answer >> Creative Feelings of being different, sense of justice, need for emotional support, sensitive and empathetic toward others' feelings << correct answer >> Affective Intellectual curiosity, diverse interests and abilities, goal-directed, problem-solver << correct answer >> Cognitive Boredom, perfectionism, and sensitivity are three common challenges facing gifted and talented students. Describe how each common challenge may present in terms of behavior in the classroom setting: << correct answer >> Boredom—students who are gifted and talented may question the relevancy of curriculum and show disinterest when they do not feel challenged by activities that meet their level of need. This may result in failing to complete assignments and feeling as though they know enough about the topic. Perfectionism—students may feel they have no room for error due to their gifted and talented nature, causing them to engage in perfectionism or feelings of failure when they are challenged. Sensitivity—students may experience outbursts or withdrawal, prefer to work alone, and be highly affected by the attitudes and perceptions of others. Omar sets unrealistic goals for himself. He frequently shows signs of emotional distress when something does not work out in the way he anticipated. << correct answer >> unhealthy perfectionsim Mei is advanced in math but slightly below average in physical education. She becomes upset because she cannot do equally well in all areas. << correct answer >> asynchronous development Ren's teacher perceives a lack of confidence in them. Ren often seems unmotivated. << correct answer >> low self esteem Fatima seldom talks to her peers in the classroom. On the rare occasions she asks for help, she always seeks it from the teacher rather than other students. << correct answer >> poor social skills True or False A student considered gifted and talented cannot qualify for special education and related services under IDEA. << correct answer >> False A student, teacher, administrator, or parent can bring forth that a student may be gifted and talented. << correct answer >> nomination and idenitfication Use a variety of assessment tools to determine whether the student is considered gifted and talented. << correct answer >> screening or selection Determine the most appropriate environment for a student deemed gifted and talented. << correct answer >> placement Often classroom observations or rating scales, such as behavior checklists, completed by parents and teachers. << correct answer >> subjective assessments Either general academic testing or specific to particular academic areas (e.g., math and reading). Gifted and talented students often score one or more grade levels above their current grade. << correct answer >> achievement test Frequently known as IQ tests, there are several kinds. Some of these tests are nonverbal in nature. << correct answer >> cognitive ability test Which type of assessment evaluates a student's holistic understanding of learning through a specific outcome or project, instead of assessing the process of learning at each stage? << correct answer >> product based assessment Students choose a writing assignment option from a range of topics. << correct answer >> interest based selection For a writing assignment, the teacher assigns students to a group. The group includes students whose writing is strong and students whose writing needs improving, including a student with a text-related learning disability. << correct answer >> mixed ability grouping The teacher assigns each student to complete one of four writing assignments of different complexity levels, depending on the student's readiness. << correct answer >> tiered lesson True or False Flexible instruction and mixed grouping primarily by age and ability encourage student productivity and engagement. << correct answer >> False True or False Collaborative groups can be an effective method of instruction both when the teacher assigns the groupings and when the groupings are student selected. << correct answer >> True Whole class instruction using evidence-based, general education strategies. << correct answer >> Their 1 Small group intervention provided to students in addition to tier 1 support, targeting areas of need. << correct answer >> Their 2 The most intensive level of support provided (in addition to tier 1 instruction). This intervention is geared toward skill growth and acquisition much more narrowly focused. << correct answer >> Their 3 True or False Students receiving special education services do not participate in tiered supports in schools that implement a school-wide MTSS framework. << correct answer >> False Shared Leadership << correct answer >> MTSS restructures the educational system by creating shared responsibility and collaboration between general and special education to ensure the needs of all students are met. Data based problems solving and decision making << correct answer >> Decisions about the supports and services a student needs are based on multiple sources, including a student's response to evidence-based instruction and intervention, with the goal of teachers intentionally designing, developing, and delivering instruction and supports matched to student needs (which may or may not include special education services). Layered continuum of supports << correct answer >> Effective interventions and supports at the universal tier can reduce the need for supports at subsequent tiers; however, students (including those who are eligible for special education services) may require supports at multiple levels. Family school and community partnering << correct answer >> Schools should acknowledge that families and community support contribute to the success of special education and MTSS programs, which affect students' success. What are the key elements of an MTSS framework? << correct answer >> Universal screening, progress monitoring, data-based decision-making, school-wide support, and family involvement True or False There are three tiers of support in MTSS. Tier 1 refers to the general instruction all students receive in the general education environment. Tiers 2 and 3 provide additional supports to students. The major difference between tier 2 and tier 3 is the amount of instructional time provided. << correct answer >> False True or False If a special education student's schedule does not allow time to access his or her related services, by default it is appropriate to place the student in a general education classroom co-taught with a special education teacher. << correct answer >> False Explain at least two ways to keep students engaged, attentive, and on track during instruction << correct answer >> Any two of the following answers are appropriate: Give clear directions so students know what is required of them. Provide checklists and other visual cues to remind students of classroom routines. Use a timer to motivate students. Ask students what works for them. Why would a teacher use visual cues, timers, and checklists for students with ADHD and students who are easily frustrated or distracted? << correct answer >> The teacher knows that some student behaviors are due to a disability or boredom in the classroom. What should teachers focus on while using visual cues, timers, and checklists in order to avoid negating the benefits by triggering anxiety and too much stress? << correct answer >> Body language Turn the following "negative phrasing" into "positive phrasing" in an effort to shed light on positive results for positive behavior: If you do not finish your lunch, you will lose your afternoon computer time. << correct answer >> If you finish your lunch, you will have some time to use the computer this afternoon. True or False Calling students out on their negative behavior in front of their peers is an effective strategy for managing negative behavior. << correct answer >> False PBIS Tier 1 << correct answer >> A school district is implementing a social emotional regulation program to support students' independent self-regulation and communication skills. PBIS Tier 3 << correct answer >> A student is unable to manage emotions in school. The student has a difficult time making transitions and often becomes physically aggressive when unexpected schedule changes occur. This student struggles to maintain friendships and often spends time in a secluded area of the school for safety reasons. PBIS Tier 2 << correct answer >> A student struggling with drug and alcohol abuse is often absent from or tardy to class. The student has decent grades but appears to be depressed and struggling with emotional connection. As a support for this student, they are assigned to check in daily with an admired music teacher to ensure the student has a positive interaction each day at office hours. Goal Directed << correct answer >> "Nice work on your photosynthesis presentation. In order to engage your audience, come up with two activities they can complete to better understand the process you explained." Immediate << correct answer >> "It is important for you to complete your homework each night so we can figure out what you understand and where you might need more support. Let's work together to set a homework completion plan." Constructive << correct answer >> "You're working really hard on this essay. Take a look at your intro paragraph and first point. How can you make a strong transition between these paragraphs so your audience is prepared?" Respectful and Positive << correct answer >> "This is a difficult task, but I know you can power through like you did yesterday! Tackling one math problem at a time using our notes will help us figure out the answers." Talia began school in Burlington, Vermont, a more rural area of the country. She was born in the United States to parents who came to the United States from Nepal and only speak Nepali. Talia has only spoken Nepali at home, and this is her first time being in an environment with predominantly English language speakers. What challenges might Talia initially face in the classroom? << correct answer >> Little formal schooling if student is K-2 Parents accustomed to different school culture Limited English proficiency to communicate with teachers and peers Limited practice developing and using English or academic language What is the most common language spoken by ELs in the United States? << correct answer >> Spanish True or False ELs are the fastest growing student population in the country. << correct answer >> True ELs with disabilities are more likely to be classified as having which educational disability? << correct answer >> Specific learning disability (SLD) Preproduction << correct answer >> Minimal comprehension. Does not verbalize. Uses nonverbal means of communication (nods, draws, points). Early Production << correct answer >> Limited comprehension. Produces one- or two-word responses. Uses key or familiar phrases and mostly present tense verbs. Speech emergence << correct answer >> Decent comprehension. Produces simple sentences with grammatical and pronunciation errors. Does not often understand jokes. Immediate fluencey << correct answer >> Excellent comprehension with limited grammar and pronunciation errors. Advanced fluency << correct answer >> Near native comprehension and communication. Outside the ZPD << correct answer >> A student in your tenth-grade classroom is within the speech emergence stage of second language acquisition. The student understands spoken English quite well but struggles with reading and comprehending written English independently. Additionally, the student is beginning to write grammatically correct sentences and correct mistakes, but requires a lot of support. The student is given an assignment over winter break to read a part of Shakespeare's Taming of the Shrew and write a report. Within the ZPD << correct answer >> A student in your fifth-grade math classroom is in the early production stage of learning English as a second language. Word problems have been particularly difficult for this student to learn in the general education environment. The teachers work out a plan for the student to receive a pre-teaching period before math class with the ESL teacher each day. They hope this will tie difficult language concepts to the student's native language prior to attending the general education math class. Preceding ZPD << correct answer >> An eighth-grade student in your classroom is within the intermediate fluency stage of second language acquisition. The student has also learned many strategies to support understanding and expression both orally and written. The teacher broke students into groups to work on a project reviewing concepts learned throughout the first half of the year. The teacher encouraged students to choose a role in the group that allowed them to independently showcase what they believe to be their best work. A new student from Haiti is joining your classroom in two weeks. You have no other students from Haiti in your classroom and want to make this student feel comfortable, safe, and welcome. What are three steps you could take to prepare for this student's arrival and foster a welcoming environment with your students? << correct answer >> Any combination of the following: Research country of origin Explore cultural and religious traditions Read about the DOs and DON'Ts of social behavior and communication practices of his or her culture Incorporate books about diversity and culture Teachers in classrooms with ELs must use a range of classroom techniques to foster language growth through curriculum. Which skills are most important to embed in instruction aimed at fostering language growth? << correct answer >> Speaking and listening peer modeling << correct answer >> In order to reinforce vocabulary words learned throughout a period of time, the teacher pairs up students. Each pair is provided with a few short stories to read together. They are instructed to identify vocabulary words in context and also provided thought questions to discuss as they read. Speaking and listening << correct answer >> A teacher provides a lesson on tense and tone. As the teacher experiments with various ways to speak different words, they combines the word with different tones and visual supports (facial expressions, associated sketches—happy, sad, etc.) alongside the verbal prompt. Picture cards are also used when she these types of words are used in a story. The teacher has students use language from the story to help them practice the way different words are spoken in various contexts. Language modeling << correct answer >> In a classroom of students building skills in their expressive oral language, a teacher often rewords students' statements using appropriate tone and pitch. For example, a student may state "I goed to bathroom." The teacher may model "Oh. Yes, I saw you went to the bathroom." Additionally, when providing an example question in a grammatically correct form, the teacher provides possible answers, as well. True or False Exposing students to their native language in the classroom will inhibit their interest and progress toward acquiring English. << correct answer >> False Cultural Fatigue << correct answer >> A student from Somalia joined your classroom. After the first couple of weeks, you were noticing concerning patterns of behavior. The student did not want to participate, observe, or seemingly enjoy school activities or events and spent a lot of time lying down in the nurse's office. What might she be experiencing? Language shock << correct answer >> An EL in your classroom has received EL support for about six months. The student is hesitant to speak in class and is becoming more acutely aware of how challenging it is to communicate with other students. What might your student be experiencing? Role shock << correct answer >> A high school student from Kenya joined your classroom at the beginning of the school year. Now halfway through the year, the student is beginning to voice concerns about his experience at school. In the previous school in Kenya, the student was head of the debate team and active in sports. The student's limited English skills and difficulty making friendships have caused great strife about this student's place in a new school. What might the student be experiencing? Education shock << correct answer >> An EL student from Argentina is attending formal schooling for the first time in your second grade classroom. Quickly, you realize the student is having a difficult time adjusting to routine, social and behavioral norms, and academic tasks. What might this student be experiencing? Acculturation << correct answer >> Sara's family has lived in Germany due to her parents' jobs. They have relocated to the United States, and Sara is placed in seventh grade. Sara will need to not just learn the academics in her seventh-grade classes but learn English and the culture of the school and the United States. What is the process called that Sara is involved in? True or False Requiring ELs to speak English only during the school day will foster positive social, emotional, and academic growth. << correct answer >> False Consider the available strategies for cultural responsiveness in the classroom. Many of these strategies are instructor led but require both student input and a deep understanding of your students' diverse backgrounds. What are the three ways teachers can engage students in the process of creating a culturally responsive classroom? << correct answer >> Plan activities to engage in finding out common interests and experiences. Create art and pictures for the room representing students' cultures and families. Build relationships with students' families and engage them when possible. Include varied cultures and heritages into science, language, art, and history classes. Offer 1:1 and small group time to ask questions and bring up any thoughts or concerns. Provide time for students to use and engage with their native language(s) in the classroom. True or False In schools and classrooms where cultural diversity was acknowledged and celebrated, teachers provided practical and meaningful opportunities for all students to be proud and share their languages and cultures. << correct answer >> True Curriculum << correct answer >> In order to embed cultural responsiveness across classrooms, schools, and districts, school leaders and teachers must work together to revamp and critically assess their __________. Build students' background knowledge. << correct answer >> A fifth-grade teacher entered the school year with a diverse population of students speaking five different languages. Many of the students' cultures vary significantly in terms of customs, practices, religions, and more. Entering the first science lesson of the year, the teacher was unsure about what information students knew about the vocabulary and concepts outlined in the lesson. Which instructional strategy should this teacher use to begin the lesson and create an inclusive classroom environment during this lesson for all students, regardless of previous knowledge and experience? What is the difference between a bias and an implicit bias? << correct answer >> A bias is a conscious preference for a person or group of people, and an implicit bias is an unconscious stereotyping or preference for a person or group of people Describe two ways teachers can intentionally lessen implicit biases in the classroom. << correct answer >> Two ways to intentionally lessen implicit bias are to (1) make connections with people from cultures other than your own and (2) model how to talk about culture and diversity in a positive and transformational way. culture << correct answer >> Education is presumed to be the vehicle through which we transmit ______. co teaching << correct answer >> What is the methodology where two teachers use their expertise through equal responsibility with regards to students in a classroom? co planning << correct answer >> Supports understanding of the content, instructional methodology, and students in the classroom through creating goals and organizing materials. varied co teaching models << correct answer >> Catered around the goals of the lesson and the skill sets of the co-teachers, improves the efficacy of the lesson and student understanding of concepts. communication about student progress << correct answer >> Ensures students have access to what they need, provides opportunity for students to receive personalized instruction and assessments, and provides the opportunity to make data-driven decisions to support positive student outcomes. setting expectations with students and staff << correct answer >> Provides a sense of ownership and responsibility over the curriculum and class, communicates the roles of teachers to students in the class and other colleagues, and fosters effective co-teaching. building a partnership << correct answer >> Creates a relationship that sets a positive tone for the classroom and allows each teacher's personality to shine through lessons, making the experience more enjoyable and interesting to students. parallell teaching << correct answer >> Two teachers are covering the same curriculum but have divided the class down the middle to create smaller groups and target specific student needs. One Teach, One Observe << correct answer >> One teacher takes the lead on a lesson while the second teacher takes notes on their lesson and the students. During their next co-planning time, both teachers reflect on the lesson and consider ways to improve it. station teaching << correct answer >> Both teachers, and sometimes additional supporting teachers or independent working groups, rotate around the room to work with each teacher to receive targeted instruction. Each small group visits each teacher once as they rotate. team teaching << correct answer >> Both teachers simultaneously instruct the whole group on the same curriculum. They take turns in taking "the lead" for particular aspects of the lesson, but both teachers have equal responsibility for the content taught. One Teach, One Assist << correct answer >> One teacher takes "the lead" on a particular lesson while the second teacher floats and ensures students are supported with their various needs. Alternative co-teaching << correct answer >> Two co-teachers were planning a science-based lesson. The lesson itself had a dense instructional period introducing new terms and concepts, which was then followed by a lab. The terminology was critical to understand in order to be successful with the lab portion of the class. The class had five English learners (ELs) who would need more targeted support to understand the terminology and break down the meaning. What type of co-teaching model would best be used in this scenario? station teaching << correct answer >> Two co-teachers were planning a math lesson focused on math strategy. The goal of the lesson was to teach the students various ways to interact with numbers and draw conclusions. There were three different math strategies the teachers wanted to tackle. Two of the strategies were new and the third was review. one teach one assist << correct answer >> A math teacher and special education teacher co-teach several classes. When planning an upcoming lesson on a new unit, the two teachers were discussing which co-teaching model best fit their needs. The special education teacher stated they were not as comfortable teaching the new material as they were with previously covered topics. alternative teaching << correct answer >> Two teachers were reviewing data from a co-taught lesson earlier in the day. They realized a few students struggled with understanding some of the concepts as evidenced on the "exit assessment" they took at the end of the lesson. Both teachers felt it would be important for the handful of students to review the content and solidify critical concepts. Parallel teaching << correct answer >> A student with autism in your classroom feels anxious when noise levels are high. Often, the student is stressed when you co-teach with another instructor. This tends to happen in one of the larger interdisciplinary classes connecting English and social studies when both instructors are teaching. The student has a difficult time maintaining attention on the group and instructor. Which co-teaching model likely presents the greatest sensory challenge for this student in the classroom? True or False Co-teachers with special education students in their classrooms must use the alternative teaching model of co-teaching as a means to address those students' IEP goals. << correct answer >> False Lack of planning time << correct answer >> The most common issue with implementing co-teaching effectively in schools is During an English class where two co-teachers were engaged in the one teach, one assist model, one teacher was lecturing about the importance of annotation while reading. What could the co-teacher who is not lecturing do at that time to support students in the classroom? << correct answer >> Model note taking. Answer questions. Circulate around the room. Manage behavior. Repeat or clarify concepts.