NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology TEST BANK
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology TEST BANK Exam
LATEST 2024/2025 Chamberlain College Graded A+
Guaranteed Pass (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with
RATIONALES ) ACE YOUR Final Exam
Instructions- read the questions carefully, personally handpicked
1. The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
ANS: D
Facilitated diffusion is the means by which glucose is transported from the blood to the cells. The
remaining options do not correctly identify this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 31-32
2. Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by:
a. Passive electrolyte channels
b. Coupled channels
c. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
d. Diffusion
ANS: C
The exact mechanism for the transport of Na+ and K+ across the membrane is uncertain. One proposal is
that ATPase enzyme induces the transporter protein to undergo several conformational changes, causing
Na+ and K+ to move short distances (see Figure 1-29). The remaining options do not correctly describe the
means by which K+ and Na+ are transported.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 32-33
3. What occurs during exocytosis?
a. Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
b. All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix.
c. No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
d. Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.
1
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology TEST BANK
ANS: A
In eukaryotic cells, secretion of macromolecules almost always occurs by exocytosis. The remaining options
do not correctly describe exocytosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 35-36
4. Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?
a. Potassium has a greater concenNtUraRtSioINnGinT Bth.CeOi M
n tracellular fluid (ICF).
b. Sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
c. The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.
d. An excess of anions are inside the cell.
ANS: C
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+, K+ can easily diffuse from its
area of higher concentration in the ICF to its area of lower concentration in the ECF. Because Na+ and K+ are
both cations, the net result is an excess of anions inside the cell, resulting in the resting membrane
potential. The remaining options do not correctly identify the process that most easily diffuses K +.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 36
5. The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process?
a. Receptor-mediated exocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. Antiport system d. Passive transport
ANS: C
The cellular uptake of nutrients, such as cholesterol, for example, depends on receptor-mediated
endocytosis. Nutrients are not transported via the other options.
2
,6. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from
positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from
positive to negative.
ANS: B
When a resting cell is stimulated through voltage-regulated channels, the cell membranes become more
permeable to Na+. A net Na+ moves into the cell, and the membrane potential decreases, or moves
forward, from a negative value (in millivolts) to zero. The Na + gates open, and Na+ rushes into the cell,
causing the membrane potential to reduce to zero and then become positive (depolarization). The
remaining options do not correctly describe the change that initiates an action potential.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 36
7. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
a. Platelets c. Connective tissue cells
b. Epidermal cells d. Fibroblast cells
ANS: C
Different types of cells require different factors; for example, platelet-derived growth factor stimulates the
production o fN cUoRnSnI eNcGt iTvBe. Ct iOs sMu e cells. The remaining options do not correctly describe the action of
platelet-derived growth factor.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 39
8. The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they:
a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development.
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle.
c. Restrain cell growth and development.
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.
ANS: A
Growth factors, also called cytokines, are peptides that transmit signals within and among cells. They have a
major role in the regulation of tissue growth and development (see Table 1-6). The remaining options do
not correctly describe the role of cytokines in cell reproduction.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 38-39
9. What is the process of cellular reproduction?
a. The process often takes months or years to complete.
b. Cellular reproduction typically has a short interphase.
c. Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed.
d. The process involves the interaction of male and female cells.
, ANS: C
During telophase, the final stage, a new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of 46 chromosomes,
the spindle fibers disappear, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil.
Cytokinesis causes the cytoplasm to divide into roughly equal parts during this phase. At the end of
telophase, two identical diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed from the original cell.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
10. Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?
a. They lack distinct nucleus.
b. They contain compartments called organelles.
c. They lack an encasing nuclear membrane.
d. They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell.
ANS: B
Eukaryotic cells have a characteristic set of membrane-bound intracellular compartments called organelles
that include a well-defined nucleus and are larger than prokaryotes. The remaining statements are not true
regarding eukaryotic cells.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
11. Which statement is true about phagocytosis?
a. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
b. Phagocytosis is dependent on small vesicles.
c. Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.
d. Phagocytosis focuses on solute molecules.
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: C
In phagocytosis, the large molecular substances are engulfed by the plasma membrane and enter the cell so
that they can be isolated and destroyed by lysosomal enzymes. Two types of endocytosis are designated,
based on the size of the vesicle formed. Pinocytosis (cell drinking) involves the ingestion of fluids and solute
molecules through the formation of small vesicles, and phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of
large particles, such as bacteria, through formation of large vesicles (also called vacuoles). Phagocytosis in
an example of endocytosis, not exocytosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 33-34
12. A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?
a. Movement c. Secretion
b. Conductivity d. Respiration
ANS: A
A cell has the potential to differentiation and to gain the ability to perform one of eight specialized
functions. Muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion. Nerves cells are capable of conductivity.
Cells of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary can secrete.
Respiration is a function that all cells possess.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology TEST BANK Exam
LATEST 2024/2025 Chamberlain College Graded A+
Guaranteed Pass (QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS with
RATIONALES ) ACE YOUR Final Exam
Instructions- read the questions carefully, personally handpicked
1. The transport of glucose from the blood to the cell is accomplished by which process?
a. Active-mediated transport (active transport)
b. Active diffusion
c. Passive osmosis
d. Passive-mediated transport (facilitated diffusion)
ANS: D
Facilitated diffusion is the means by which glucose is transported from the blood to the cells. The
remaining options do not correctly identify this process.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 31-32
2. Potassium and sodium are transported across plasma membranes by:
a. Passive electrolyte channels
b. Coupled channels
c. Adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) enzyme
d. Diffusion
ANS: C
The exact mechanism for the transport of Na+ and K+ across the membrane is uncertain. One proposal is
that ATPase enzyme induces the transporter protein to undergo several conformational changes, causing
Na+ and K+ to move short distances (see Figure 1-29). The remaining options do not correctly describe the
means by which K+ and Na+ are transported.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 32-33
3. What occurs during exocytosis?
a. Macromolecules can be secreted across eukaryotic cell membranes.
b. All substances are secreted into the cellular matrix.
c. No repairs in the plasma membrane can take place.
d. Solute molecules flow freely into and out of the cell.
1
, NR507 Advanced Pathophysiology TEST BANK
ANS: A
In eukaryotic cells, secretion of macromolecules almost always occurs by exocytosis. The remaining options
do not correctly describe exocytosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 35-36
4. Why is it possible for potassium to diffuse easily into and out of cells?
a. Potassium has a greater concenNtUraRtSioINnGinT Bth.CeOi M
n tracellular fluid (ICF).
b. Sodium has a greater concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF).
c. The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to potassium.
d. An excess of anions are inside the cell.
ANS: C
Because the resting plasma membrane is more permeable to K+ than to Na+, K+ can easily diffuse from its
area of higher concentration in the ICF to its area of lower concentration in the ECF. Because Na+ and K+ are
both cations, the net result is an excess of anions inside the cell, resulting in the resting membrane
potential. The remaining options do not correctly identify the process that most easily diffuses K +.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 36
5. The cellular uptake of the nutrient cholesterol depends on which process?
a. Receptor-mediated exocytosis c. Receptor-mediated endocytosis
b. Antiport system d. Passive transport
ANS: C
The cellular uptake of nutrients, such as cholesterol, for example, depends on receptor-mediated
endocytosis. Nutrients are not transported via the other options.
2
,6. What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential to initiate an action potential?
a. Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
b. Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from
negative to positive.
c. Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from
positive to negative.
d. Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from
positive to negative.
ANS: B
When a resting cell is stimulated through voltage-regulated channels, the cell membranes become more
permeable to Na+. A net Na+ moves into the cell, and the membrane potential decreases, or moves
forward, from a negative value (in millivolts) to zero. The Na + gates open, and Na+ rushes into the cell,
causing the membrane potential to reduce to zero and then become positive (depolarization). The
remaining options do not correctly describe the change that initiates an action potential.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 36
7. The action of platelet-derived growth factor is to stimulate the production of which cells?
a. Platelets c. Connective tissue cells
b. Epidermal cells d. Fibroblast cells
ANS: C
Different types of cells require different factors; for example, platelet-derived growth factor stimulates the
production o fN cUoRnSnI eNcGt iTvBe. Ct iOs sMu e cells. The remaining options do not correctly describe the action of
platelet-derived growth factor.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 39
8. The role of cytokines in cell reproduction is that they:
a. Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development.
b. Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle.
c. Restrain cell growth and development.
d. Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.
ANS: A
Growth factors, also called cytokines, are peptides that transmit signals within and among cells. They have a
major role in the regulation of tissue growth and development (see Table 1-6). The remaining options do
not correctly describe the role of cytokines in cell reproduction.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 38-39
9. What is the process of cellular reproduction?
a. The process often takes months or years to complete.
b. Cellular reproduction typically has a short interphase.
c. Two diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed.
d. The process involves the interaction of male and female cells.
, ANS: C
During telophase, the final stage, a new nuclear membrane is formed around each group of 46 chromosomes,
the spindle fibers disappear, and the chromosomes begin to uncoil.
Cytokinesis causes the cytoplasm to divide into roughly equal parts during this phase. At the end of
telophase, two identical diploid cells, called daughter cells, have been formed from the original cell.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 37
10. Which statement is true about eukaryotic cells?
a. They lack distinct nucleus.
b. They contain compartments called organelles.
c. They lack an encasing nuclear membrane.
d. They are smaller than the typical prokaryote cell.
ANS: B
Eukaryotic cells have a characteristic set of membrane-bound intracellular compartments called organelles
that include a well-defined nucleus and are larger than prokaryotes. The remaining statements are not true
regarding eukaryotic cells.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
11. Which statement is true about phagocytosis?
a. Phagocytosis is an example of exocytosis.
b. Phagocytosis is dependent on small vesicles.
c. Phagocytosis involves the ingestion of bacteria.
d. Phagocytosis focuses on solute molecules.
NURSINGTB.COM
ANS: C
In phagocytosis, the large molecular substances are engulfed by the plasma membrane and enter the cell so
that they can be isolated and destroyed by lysosomal enzymes. Two types of endocytosis are designated,
based on the size of the vesicle formed. Pinocytosis (cell drinking) involves the ingestion of fluids and solute
molecules through the formation of small vesicles, and phagocytosis (cell eating) involves the ingestion of
large particles, such as bacteria, through formation of large vesicles (also called vacuoles). Phagocytosis in
an example of endocytosis, not exocytosis.
PTS: 1 REF: Pages 33-34
12. A muscle cell possesses which specialized function?
a. Movement c. Secretion
b. Conductivity d. Respiration
ANS: A
A cell has the potential to differentiation and to gain the ability to perform one of eight specialized
functions. Muscle cells can generate forces that produce motion. Nerves cells are capable of conductivity.
Cells of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary can secrete.
Respiration is a function that all cells possess.
PTS: 1 REF: Page 2
