COMPLETE TEST BANK
PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CONCEPTS OF ALTERED HEALTH STATES
11TH EDITION
BY NORRIS CHAPTERS 1-52 LATEST
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Concepts Of HEALTH And Disease .............................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2- Cell And Tissue Characteristics ................................................................................................. 14
Chapter 3- Cellular Adaptation, Injury, And Death ..................................................................................... 23
Chapter 4- Genetic Control Of Cell Function And Inheritance.................................................................... 32
Chapter 5- Genetic And Congenital Disorders ............................................................................................ 40
Chapter 6- Neoplasia................................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 7- Stress And Adaptation .............................................................................................................. 59
Chapter 8-A- Disorders Of Fluid And Electrolyte Balance ........................................................................... 68
Chapter 8-B- Disorders Of Acid-Base Balance............................................................................................. 77
Chapter 9- Inflammation, Tissue Repair, And Wound Healing ................................................................... 86
Chapter 10- Alterations In Temperature Regulation .................................................................................. 95
Chapter 10- Mechanisms Of Infectious Disease ....................................................................................... 103
Chapter 11- Innate And Adaptive Immunity ............................................................................................. 113
Chapter 12-A- Disorders Of The Immune Response ................................................................................. 122
Chapter 12-B- HIV_ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.................................................................... 132
Chapter 13- Organization And Control Of Neural Function ...................................................................... 142
Chapter 14- Somatosensory Function, Pain, And Headache .................................................................... 151
Chapter 15- Disorders Of Motor Function ................................................................................................ 161
Chapter 16- Disorders Of Brain Function .................................................................................................. 170
Chapter 17- Sleep And Sleep Disorders .................................................................................................... 180
Chapter 18- Disorders Of Thought, Emotion, And Memory ..................................................................... 189
Chapter 19- Disorders Of Visual Function................................................................................................. 199
Chapter 20- Disorders Of Hearing And Vestibular Function ..................................................................... 208
Chapter 21- Blood Cells And The Hematopoietic System ......................................................................... 217
Chapter 22- Disorders Of Hemostasis ....................................................................................................... 226
Chapter 23- Disorders Of Red Blood Cells ................................................................................................ 236
Chapter 24- Disorders Of White Blood Cells And Lymphoid Tissues ........................................................ 245
Chapter 25- Structure And Function Of The Cardiovascular System ........................................................ 255
Chapter 26-A- Disorders Of Blood Flow .................................................................................................... 264
Chapter 26-B-Disorders Of Blood Pressure Regulation ............................................................................ 274
Chapter 27-A- Disorders Of Cardiac Function ........................................................................................... 283
Chapter 27-B- Heart Failure And Circulatory Shock.................................................................................. 294
,Chapter 28- Disorders Of Cardiac Conduction And Rhythm ..................................................................... 303
Chapter 29- Structure And Function Of The Respiratory System ............................................................. 313
Chapter 30- A-Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms .......................................................................... 322
Chapter 30-B- Childhood Disorders .......................................................................................................... 331
Chapter 31- Disorders Of Ventilation And Gas Exchange ......................................................................... 340
Chapter 32- Structure And Function Of The Kidney ................................................................................. 349
Chapter 33- Disorders Of Renal Function ................................................................................................. 358
Chapter 34- Acute Renal Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease ................................................................... 368
Chapter 35- Disorders Of The Bladder And Lower Urinary Tract ............................................................. 377
Chapter 36- Structure And Function Of The Gastrointestinal System ...................................................... 387
Chapter 37- Disorders Of Gastrointestinal Function ................................................................................ 397
Chapter 38- Disorders Of Hepatobiliary And Exocrine Pancreas Function ............................................... 407
Chapter 39- Alterations In Nutritional Status ........................................................................................... 418
Chapter 40- Mechanisms Of Endocrine Control ....................................................................................... 427
Chapter 41- Disorders Of Endocrine Control Of Growth And Metabolism .............................................. 436
Chapter 42 - Structure And Function Of The Male Genitourinary System ............................................... 446
Chapter 43- Disorders Of The Male Rproductive System ......................................................................... 455
Chapter 44- Structure And Function Of The Female Reproductive System ............................................. 465
Chapter 45- Disorders Of The Female Reproductive System ................................................................... 474
Chapter 46- Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................................ 483
Chapter 47- Structure And Function Of The Musculoskeletal System ..................................................... 493
Chapter 48- Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................ 501
Chapter 49 - Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................... 511
Chapter 50- Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................ 520
Chapter 51- Structure And Function Of The Skin...................................................................................... 530
Chapter 52- Disorders Of Skin Integrity And Function.............................................................................. 539
,Chapter 1- Concepts Of HEALTH And Disease
1. At An International Nursing Conference, Many Discussions And Breakout Sessions Focused On
The World HEALTH Organization (WHO) Views On HEALTH. Of The Following Comments Made By
NURSEs During A Discussion Session, Which Statements Would Be Considered A Good Representation Of
The WHO Definition? Select All That Apply.
A) Interests In Keeping The Elderly Population Engaged In Such Activities As Book Reviews And
Word Games During Social Time
B) Increase In The Number Of Chair Aerobics Classes Provided In The Skilled Care Facilities
C) Interventions Geared Toward Keeping The Elderly Population Diagnosed With Diabetes Mellitus
Under Tight Blood Glucose Control By Providing In-Home Cooking Classes
D) Providing Transportation For Renal Dialysis Patients To And From Their Hemodialysis Sessions
E) Providing Handwashing Teaching Sessions To A Group Of Young Children
ANS:A, B, C, E
FEEDBACK:
The WHO Definition Of HEALTH Is Defined As “A State Of Complete Physical, Mental, And Social Well-
Being And Not Merely The Absence Of Disease And Infirmity.” Engaging In Book Reviews Facilitates
Mental And Social Well-Being; Chair Aerobics Helps Facilitate Physical Well-Being; And Assisting With
Tight Control Of Diabetes Helps With Facilitating Physical Well-Being Even Though The Person Has A
Chronic Disease. Handwashing Is Vital In The Prevention Of Disease And Spread Of Germs.
2. A Community HEALTH NURSE Is Teaching A Group Of Recent Graduates About The Large Variety
Of Factors That Influence An Individual's HEALTH Or Lack Thereof. The NURSE Is Referring To The
HEALTHy People 2020 Report From The U.S. Department Of HEALTH And Human Services As A Teaching
Example. Of The Following Aspects Discussed, Which Would Be Considered A Determinant Of HEALTH
That Is Outside The Focus Of This Report?
A) The Client Has A Diverse Background By Being Of Asian And Native American Descent And
Practices Various Alternative Therapies To Minimize Effects Of Stress.
B) The Client Has A Family History Of Cardiovascular Disease Related To Hypercholesterolemia And
Remains Noncompliant With The Treatment Regime.
C) The Client Has A Good Career With Exceptional Preventative HEALTH Care Benefits.
D) The Client Lives In An Affluent, Clean, Suburban Community With Access To Many HEALTH Care
Facilities.
,ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
In HEALTHy People 2020, The Focus Is To Promote Good HEALTH To All (Such As Using Alternative
Therapies To Minimize Effects Of Stress); Achieving HEALTH Equity And Promoting HEALTH For All
(Which Includes Having Good HEALTH Care Benefits); And Promoting Good HEALTH (Which Includes
Living In A Clean Community With Good Access To HEALTH Care). A Client's Noncompliance With
Treatments To Control High Cholesterol Levels Within The Presence Of A Family History Of CV Disease
Does Not Meet The “Attaining Lives Free Of Preventable Disease And Premature Death” Determinant.
3. A Physician Is Providing Care For A Number Of Patients On A Medical Unit Of A Large, University
Hospital. The Physician Is Discussing With A Colleague The Differentiation Between Diseases That Are
Caused By Abnormal Molecules And Diseases That Cause Disease. Which Of The Following Patients Most
Clearly Demonstrates The Consequences Of Molecules That Cause Disease?
A) A 31-Year-Old Woman With Sickle Cell Anemia Who Is Receiving A Transfusion Of Packed Red
Blood Cells
B) A 91-Year-Old Woman Who Has Experienced An Ischemic Stroke Resulting From Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-Year-Old Man With Exacerbation Of His Cystic Fibrosis Requiring Oxygen Therapy And
Chest Physiotherapy
D) A 30-Year-Old Homeless Man Who Has Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) And Is HIV
Positive.
ANS:D
FEEDBACK:
PCP Is An Example Of The Effect Of A Molecule That Directly Contributes To Disease. Sickle Cell Anemia,
Familial Hypercholesterolemia, And Cystic Fibrosis Are All Examples Of The Effects Of Abnormal
Molecules.
4. A Member Of The HEALTH Care Team Is Researching The Etiology And Pathogenesis Of A
Number Of Clients Who Are Under His Care In A Hospital Context. Which Of The Following Aspects Of
Clients' Situations Best Characterizes Pathogenesis Rather Than Etiology?
A) A Client Who Has Been Exposed To The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacterium
B) A Client Who Has Increasing Serum Ammonia Levels Due To Liver Cirrhosis
C) A Client Who Was Admitted With The Effects Of Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
, D) A Client With Multiple Skeletal Injuries Secondary To A Motor Vehicle Accident
ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
Pathogenesis Refers To The Progressive And Evolutionary Course Of Disease, Such As The Increasing
Ammonia Levels That Accompany Liver Disease. Bacteria, Poisons, And Traumatic Injuries Are Examples
Of Etiologic Factors.
5. A New Myocardial Infarction Patient Requiring Angioplasty And Stent Placement Has Arrived To
His First Cardiac Rehabilitation Appointment. In This First Session, A Review Of The Pathogenesis Of
Coronary Artery Disease Is Addressed. Which Statement By The Patient Verifies To The NURSE That He
Has Understood The NURSE's Teachings About Coronary Artery Disease?
A) “All I Have To Do Is Stop Smoking, And Then I Won't Have Any More Heart Attacks.”
B) “My Artery Was Clogged By Fat, So I Will Need To Stop Eating Fatty Foods Like French Fries
Every Day.”
C) “Sounds Like This Began Because Of Inflammation Inside My Artery That Made It Easy To Form
Fatty Streaks, Which Lead To My Clogged Artery.”
D) “If I Do Not Exercise Regularly To Get My Heart Rate Up, Blood Pools In The Veins Causing A Clot
That Stops Blood Flow To The Muscle, And I Will Have A Heart Attack.”
ANS:C
FEEDBACK:
The True Etiology/Cause Of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Is Unknown; However, The Pathogenesis Of
The Disorder Relates To The Progression Of The Inflammatory Process From A Fatty Streak To The
Occlusive Vessel Lesion Seen In People With Coronary Artery Disease. Risk Factors For CAD Revolve
Around Cigarette Smoking, Diet High In Fat, And Lack Of Exercise.
6. A 77-Year-Old Man Is A Hospital Inpatient Admitted For Exacerbation Of His Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD), And A Respiratory Therapist (RT) Is Assessing The Client For The First Time.
Which Of The Following Aspects Of The Patient's Current State Of HEALTH Would Be Best Characterized
As A Symptom Rather Than A Sign?
A) The Patient's Oxygen Saturation Is 83% By Pulse Oxymetry.
B) The Patient Notes That He Has Increased Work Of Breathing When Lying Supine.
C) The RT Hears Diminished Breath Sounds To The Patient's Lower Lung Fields Bilaterally.
PORTH'S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: CONCEPTS OF ALTERED HEALTH STATES
11TH EDITION
BY NORRIS CHAPTERS 1-52 LATEST
,Table of Contents
Chapter 1- Concepts Of HEALTH And Disease .............................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2- Cell And Tissue Characteristics ................................................................................................. 14
Chapter 3- Cellular Adaptation, Injury, And Death ..................................................................................... 23
Chapter 4- Genetic Control Of Cell Function And Inheritance.................................................................... 32
Chapter 5- Genetic And Congenital Disorders ............................................................................................ 40
Chapter 6- Neoplasia................................................................................................................................... 50
Chapter 7- Stress And Adaptation .............................................................................................................. 59
Chapter 8-A- Disorders Of Fluid And Electrolyte Balance ........................................................................... 68
Chapter 8-B- Disorders Of Acid-Base Balance............................................................................................. 77
Chapter 9- Inflammation, Tissue Repair, And Wound Healing ................................................................... 86
Chapter 10- Alterations In Temperature Regulation .................................................................................. 95
Chapter 10- Mechanisms Of Infectious Disease ....................................................................................... 103
Chapter 11- Innate And Adaptive Immunity ............................................................................................. 113
Chapter 12-A- Disorders Of The Immune Response ................................................................................. 122
Chapter 12-B- HIV_ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome.................................................................... 132
Chapter 13- Organization And Control Of Neural Function ...................................................................... 142
Chapter 14- Somatosensory Function, Pain, And Headache .................................................................... 151
Chapter 15- Disorders Of Motor Function ................................................................................................ 161
Chapter 16- Disorders Of Brain Function .................................................................................................. 170
Chapter 17- Sleep And Sleep Disorders .................................................................................................... 180
Chapter 18- Disorders Of Thought, Emotion, And Memory ..................................................................... 189
Chapter 19- Disorders Of Visual Function................................................................................................. 199
Chapter 20- Disorders Of Hearing And Vestibular Function ..................................................................... 208
Chapter 21- Blood Cells And The Hematopoietic System ......................................................................... 217
Chapter 22- Disorders Of Hemostasis ....................................................................................................... 226
Chapter 23- Disorders Of Red Blood Cells ................................................................................................ 236
Chapter 24- Disorders Of White Blood Cells And Lymphoid Tissues ........................................................ 245
Chapter 25- Structure And Function Of The Cardiovascular System ........................................................ 255
Chapter 26-A- Disorders Of Blood Flow .................................................................................................... 264
Chapter 26-B-Disorders Of Blood Pressure Regulation ............................................................................ 274
Chapter 27-A- Disorders Of Cardiac Function ........................................................................................... 283
Chapter 27-B- Heart Failure And Circulatory Shock.................................................................................. 294
,Chapter 28- Disorders Of Cardiac Conduction And Rhythm ..................................................................... 303
Chapter 29- Structure And Function Of The Respiratory System ............................................................. 313
Chapter 30- A-Respiratory Tract Infections, Neoplasms .......................................................................... 322
Chapter 30-B- Childhood Disorders .......................................................................................................... 331
Chapter 31- Disorders Of Ventilation And Gas Exchange ......................................................................... 340
Chapter 32- Structure And Function Of The Kidney ................................................................................. 349
Chapter 33- Disorders Of Renal Function ................................................................................................. 358
Chapter 34- Acute Renal Injury And Chronic Kidney Disease ................................................................... 368
Chapter 35- Disorders Of The Bladder And Lower Urinary Tract ............................................................. 377
Chapter 36- Structure And Function Of The Gastrointestinal System ...................................................... 387
Chapter 37- Disorders Of Gastrointestinal Function ................................................................................ 397
Chapter 38- Disorders Of Hepatobiliary And Exocrine Pancreas Function ............................................... 407
Chapter 39- Alterations In Nutritional Status ........................................................................................... 418
Chapter 40- Mechanisms Of Endocrine Control ....................................................................................... 427
Chapter 41- Disorders Of Endocrine Control Of Growth And Metabolism .............................................. 436
Chapter 42 - Structure And Function Of The Male Genitourinary System ............................................... 446
Chapter 43- Disorders Of The Male Rproductive System ......................................................................... 455
Chapter 44- Structure And Function Of The Female Reproductive System ............................................. 465
Chapter 45- Disorders Of The Female Reproductive System ................................................................... 474
Chapter 46- Sexually Transmitted Infections ............................................................................................ 483
Chapter 47- Structure And Function Of The Musculoskeletal System ..................................................... 493
Chapter 48- Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................ 501
Chapter 49 - Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ............................................................................... 511
Chapter 50- Disorders Of Musculoskeletal Function ................................................................................ 520
Chapter 51- Structure And Function Of The Skin...................................................................................... 530
Chapter 52- Disorders Of Skin Integrity And Function.............................................................................. 539
,Chapter 1- Concepts Of HEALTH And Disease
1. At An International Nursing Conference, Many Discussions And Breakout Sessions Focused On
The World HEALTH Organization (WHO) Views On HEALTH. Of The Following Comments Made By
NURSEs During A Discussion Session, Which Statements Would Be Considered A Good Representation Of
The WHO Definition? Select All That Apply.
A) Interests In Keeping The Elderly Population Engaged In Such Activities As Book Reviews And
Word Games During Social Time
B) Increase In The Number Of Chair Aerobics Classes Provided In The Skilled Care Facilities
C) Interventions Geared Toward Keeping The Elderly Population Diagnosed With Diabetes Mellitus
Under Tight Blood Glucose Control By Providing In-Home Cooking Classes
D) Providing Transportation For Renal Dialysis Patients To And From Their Hemodialysis Sessions
E) Providing Handwashing Teaching Sessions To A Group Of Young Children
ANS:A, B, C, E
FEEDBACK:
The WHO Definition Of HEALTH Is Defined As “A State Of Complete Physical, Mental, And Social Well-
Being And Not Merely The Absence Of Disease And Infirmity.” Engaging In Book Reviews Facilitates
Mental And Social Well-Being; Chair Aerobics Helps Facilitate Physical Well-Being; And Assisting With
Tight Control Of Diabetes Helps With Facilitating Physical Well-Being Even Though The Person Has A
Chronic Disease. Handwashing Is Vital In The Prevention Of Disease And Spread Of Germs.
2. A Community HEALTH NURSE Is Teaching A Group Of Recent Graduates About The Large Variety
Of Factors That Influence An Individual's HEALTH Or Lack Thereof. The NURSE Is Referring To The
HEALTHy People 2020 Report From The U.S. Department Of HEALTH And Human Services As A Teaching
Example. Of The Following Aspects Discussed, Which Would Be Considered A Determinant Of HEALTH
That Is Outside The Focus Of This Report?
A) The Client Has A Diverse Background By Being Of Asian And Native American Descent And
Practices Various Alternative Therapies To Minimize Effects Of Stress.
B) The Client Has A Family History Of Cardiovascular Disease Related To Hypercholesterolemia And
Remains Noncompliant With The Treatment Regime.
C) The Client Has A Good Career With Exceptional Preventative HEALTH Care Benefits.
D) The Client Lives In An Affluent, Clean, Suburban Community With Access To Many HEALTH Care
Facilities.
,ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
In HEALTHy People 2020, The Focus Is To Promote Good HEALTH To All (Such As Using Alternative
Therapies To Minimize Effects Of Stress); Achieving HEALTH Equity And Promoting HEALTH For All
(Which Includes Having Good HEALTH Care Benefits); And Promoting Good HEALTH (Which Includes
Living In A Clean Community With Good Access To HEALTH Care). A Client's Noncompliance With
Treatments To Control High Cholesterol Levels Within The Presence Of A Family History Of CV Disease
Does Not Meet The “Attaining Lives Free Of Preventable Disease And Premature Death” Determinant.
3. A Physician Is Providing Care For A Number Of Patients On A Medical Unit Of A Large, University
Hospital. The Physician Is Discussing With A Colleague The Differentiation Between Diseases That Are
Caused By Abnormal Molecules And Diseases That Cause Disease. Which Of The Following Patients Most
Clearly Demonstrates The Consequences Of Molecules That Cause Disease?
A) A 31-Year-Old Woman With Sickle Cell Anemia Who Is Receiving A Transfusion Of Packed Red
Blood Cells
B) A 91-Year-Old Woman Who Has Experienced An Ischemic Stroke Resulting From Familial
Hypercholesterolemia
C) A 19-Year-Old Man With Exacerbation Of His Cystic Fibrosis Requiring Oxygen Therapy And
Chest Physiotherapy
D) A 30-Year-Old Homeless Man Who Has Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) And Is HIV
Positive.
ANS:D
FEEDBACK:
PCP Is An Example Of The Effect Of A Molecule That Directly Contributes To Disease. Sickle Cell Anemia,
Familial Hypercholesterolemia, And Cystic Fibrosis Are All Examples Of The Effects Of Abnormal
Molecules.
4. A Member Of The HEALTH Care Team Is Researching The Etiology And Pathogenesis Of A
Number Of Clients Who Are Under His Care In A Hospital Context. Which Of The Following Aspects Of
Clients' Situations Best Characterizes Pathogenesis Rather Than Etiology?
A) A Client Who Has Been Exposed To The Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Bacterium
B) A Client Who Has Increasing Serum Ammonia Levels Due To Liver Cirrhosis
C) A Client Who Was Admitted With The Effects Of Methyl Alcohol Poisoning
, D) A Client With Multiple Skeletal Injuries Secondary To A Motor Vehicle Accident
ANS:B
FEEDBACK:
Pathogenesis Refers To The Progressive And Evolutionary Course Of Disease, Such As The Increasing
Ammonia Levels That Accompany Liver Disease. Bacteria, Poisons, And Traumatic Injuries Are Examples
Of Etiologic Factors.
5. A New Myocardial Infarction Patient Requiring Angioplasty And Stent Placement Has Arrived To
His First Cardiac Rehabilitation Appointment. In This First Session, A Review Of The Pathogenesis Of
Coronary Artery Disease Is Addressed. Which Statement By The Patient Verifies To The NURSE That He
Has Understood The NURSE's Teachings About Coronary Artery Disease?
A) “All I Have To Do Is Stop Smoking, And Then I Won't Have Any More Heart Attacks.”
B) “My Artery Was Clogged By Fat, So I Will Need To Stop Eating Fatty Foods Like French Fries
Every Day.”
C) “Sounds Like This Began Because Of Inflammation Inside My Artery That Made It Easy To Form
Fatty Streaks, Which Lead To My Clogged Artery.”
D) “If I Do Not Exercise Regularly To Get My Heart Rate Up, Blood Pools In The Veins Causing A Clot
That Stops Blood Flow To The Muscle, And I Will Have A Heart Attack.”
ANS:C
FEEDBACK:
The True Etiology/Cause Of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Is Unknown; However, The Pathogenesis Of
The Disorder Relates To The Progression Of The Inflammatory Process From A Fatty Streak To The
Occlusive Vessel Lesion Seen In People With Coronary Artery Disease. Risk Factors For CAD Revolve
Around Cigarette Smoking, Diet High In Fat, And Lack Of Exercise.
6. A 77-Year-Old Man Is A Hospital Inpatient Admitted For Exacerbation Of His Chronic Obstructive
Pulmonary Disease (COPD), And A Respiratory Therapist (RT) Is Assessing The Client For The First Time.
Which Of The Following Aspects Of The Patient's Current State Of HEALTH Would Be Best Characterized
As A Symptom Rather Than A Sign?
A) The Patient's Oxygen Saturation Is 83% By Pulse Oxymetry.
B) The Patient Notes That He Has Increased Work Of Breathing When Lying Supine.
C) The RT Hears Diminished Breath Sounds To The Patient's Lower Lung Fields Bilaterally.
