OT 550 Test 1 With Complete Solutions
preparatory - ANSWER thermal therapy is _____ treatment
3 cm - ANSWER how deep does thermal therapy travel
hot and cold - ANSWER top reason for lawsuit
no - ANSWER is thermal therapy covered by insurance?
104 -113 degrees F - ANSWER temperature for thermal therapy
cell death-catabolism - ANSWER Too high temperature leads to _____
conduction - ANSWER Direct collision of 2 materials at different temperatures (heating
pad, paraffin), #1 type of energy transfer OTs use
convection - ANSWER Contact between circulating medium and another material at
different temperatures (fluidotherapy, whirlpool)- same thing as conduction, but
circulating
radiation - ANSWER Through the traveling of electromagnetic waves, across the air,
from the warmer to the cooler substance or body, Deep physical agent modalities
evaporation - ANSWER Transfer of heat from the body by conversion of a volatile liquid
vapor when the liquid is applied to the skin (vapocoolant) NOT EFFICIENT- hot and cool
gels- getting rid of heat in the body
conversion - ANSWER Ultrasound energy from one form to another- with deep physical
agent modalities
15 to 20 min - ANSWER duration of thermal therapy
skin and muscle - ANSWER ______ are good conduction of heat for thermal therapy
Subcutaneous fat - ANSWER not good conduction of heat- harder to heat up and cool
down
Resting or laying on - ANSWER thermal conduction of tissue- position of heat and body-
more energy- more likely to burn themselves
towels on top - ANSWER thermal conduction of tissue- position of heat and body= less
energy- BETTER to put something on top
dry, wet - ANSWER ___ towels for heat and ___ towels for cold
pre-warmed - ANSWER _____ towels more effective with thermal conduction of tissue
,6-12 - ANSWER ____ layers of towels- prevent burning, too much heat energy, etc.
no - ANSWER can you use moist towels with heat
Hydrocollator - ANSWER Hot Pack Machines
158 to 168 degrees F - ANSWER temperature for hydrocollator
conduction - ANSWER Heat transfer via _____ hydrocollator
2.5 hours - ANSWER how long does it take for hot packs to heat back up in hydrocollator
put in freezer - ANSWER what to do with hot packs if not using for awhile to kill bacteria
whirlpool - ANSWER Used in Greece 500 to 300 BC- hot springs, Various shapes and
sizes - stainless turbine, Turbine turned toward or away from patient, Patient can do
therapeutic exercise in whirlpool, Hard to keep clean and costly to heat
convection and conduction - ANSWER type of heat transfer in whirlpool
paraffin - ANSWER Can't bill for, Use since early 1900's, Low specified heat - transfer
not good, Will not last a long time- put in zip lock bag to keep the heat in, Add too much
oil - heat gets higher- oil keeps it from sticking to the side of bath, Dispose of after use -
contaminated- not hot enough to kill bacteria, 160 kills bacteria
conduction - ANSWER heat transfer in paraffin
hand, elbow, foot - ANSWER body parts that can use paraffin with
1-2 cm. - ANSWER how deep does heat of paraffin go
113-122 F - ANSWER temperature of paraffin bath
continuous immersion with retention, continuous immersion - ANSWER methods for
applying paraffin
7 dip immersions, continuous 30 min immersion in bath, 30 min period of retention
outside that bath - ANSWER continuous immersion with retention of paraffin
7 dip immersions, continuous 30 min immersion in bath - ANSWER continuous
immersion of paraffin
continuous immersion - ANSWER methods for applying paraffin that produces greatest
increase in cutaneous, subcutaneous, and muscular temperature
fluidotherapy - ANSWER Natural cellulose ground up corn cob, Circulates warm air, Can
help with edema if arm is above heart, Can do AROM, Cannot Tx proximal joints,
Expensive, Tolerance an issue with some
convection and conversion - ANSWER heat transfer with fluidotherapy
,130 F - ANSWER temperature of fluidotherapy
mechanoreceptors and pain receptors - ANSWER fluidotherapy stimulates ______
CRPS - ANSWER fluidotherapy desensitizes _____
no - ANSWER can fluidotherapy treatment proximal joints
if arm is above the heart - ANSWER how can fluidotherapy help with edema
VASODILATION, increases blood flow, repairs tissue, removes inflammatory
compounds- histamines, More oxygen to tissues, More nutrients to tissues, More
"troops" to the tissues (macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts), speed up healing
process - ANSWER Hemodynamic (blood effects) of thermal therapy
agonist, antagonist, antagonist - ANSWER neuromuscular effects of thermal therapy-
depends on how long heat applied- short term- more firing of ______ and inhibits ______,
long term has opposite effect- more firing of antagonist
increase in temperature, decreases firing rate of type II muscle spindle, excitatory to
agonist muscle and inhibitor to antagonist.
Increases firing rate of type Ib from Golgi tendon organs - inhibitory to agonist and
excitatory to antagonist, Reduces alpha motor neurons, reduction in muscle spasm,
reducing muscle spasm should reduce pain - ANSWER neuromuscular effects of
thermal therapy
velocity and firing rate - ANSWER thermo therapy effects changes nerve conduction
_________
pain threshold - ANSWER thermo therapy increased _______- can tolerate more
decreases muscle spasm, inhibits gating effect on transmission of pain sensation,
changes in muscle strength, increased hand performance - ANSWER thermo therapy
effects
decrease - ANSWER Muscle strength and endurance may _________ during the initial 30
minutes after heating.- inhibit strength for a while- relax everything
Altered Tissue Extensibility - ANSWER thermal therapy causes ____ of collagen- Good
time to do stretching, maintains greater increase in length, less force is required to
, increase length, reduces risk of tissue tear, may be difficult to achieve with superficial
heat
104-113 F for 5-10 minutes - ANSWER optimal temperature for altered tissue
extensibility
articular cartilage - ANSWER thermal therapy effects may accelerate destruction of
_________ in patients with RA- Use with caution in patients with acute inflammatory
disorders; may contribute to inflammatory process. Don't use thermal therapy with RA-
contraindications, but can use with OA
articular cartilage injury - ANSWER injury or damage to the tough cartilage that covers
the ends of bone, composed of collagen, which is present on a bone's articulating
surface
Decreases muscle spasms (decreasing ischemia), Increasing blood flow removes waste
products/inflammatory compounds that activate nociceptors, Psychological aspects,
Increases ROM and decreases joint stiffness, Tissue healing - ANSWER thermal therapy
for pain control
no - ANSWER is thermal therapy recommended during the acute inflammatory stage
Check for contraindications/precautions, Visually inspect tissue before and after
application, Test skin for sensory heat discrimination, Educate patient on goals of
thermotherapy, expected sensation (i.e. mild warmth) and to ask for assistance if too
hot (bell), Therapist wear timer, Check patient periodically (5-10 min), < 20 min duration
depending on patient (dx, history, tolerance...), Stop treating if patient reports excessive
heat or burning - ANSWER steps for application of thermal therapy
vasodilation, increase thermoreceptor activity, decrease joint viscosity - ANSWER
effects of heat
increase cell metabolism, increase blood flow, promotes soft tissue healing - ANSWER
effects of heat on vasodilation
preparatory - ANSWER thermal therapy is _____ treatment
3 cm - ANSWER how deep does thermal therapy travel
hot and cold - ANSWER top reason for lawsuit
no - ANSWER is thermal therapy covered by insurance?
104 -113 degrees F - ANSWER temperature for thermal therapy
cell death-catabolism - ANSWER Too high temperature leads to _____
conduction - ANSWER Direct collision of 2 materials at different temperatures (heating
pad, paraffin), #1 type of energy transfer OTs use
convection - ANSWER Contact between circulating medium and another material at
different temperatures (fluidotherapy, whirlpool)- same thing as conduction, but
circulating
radiation - ANSWER Through the traveling of electromagnetic waves, across the air,
from the warmer to the cooler substance or body, Deep physical agent modalities
evaporation - ANSWER Transfer of heat from the body by conversion of a volatile liquid
vapor when the liquid is applied to the skin (vapocoolant) NOT EFFICIENT- hot and cool
gels- getting rid of heat in the body
conversion - ANSWER Ultrasound energy from one form to another- with deep physical
agent modalities
15 to 20 min - ANSWER duration of thermal therapy
skin and muscle - ANSWER ______ are good conduction of heat for thermal therapy
Subcutaneous fat - ANSWER not good conduction of heat- harder to heat up and cool
down
Resting or laying on - ANSWER thermal conduction of tissue- position of heat and body-
more energy- more likely to burn themselves
towels on top - ANSWER thermal conduction of tissue- position of heat and body= less
energy- BETTER to put something on top
dry, wet - ANSWER ___ towels for heat and ___ towels for cold
pre-warmed - ANSWER _____ towels more effective with thermal conduction of tissue
,6-12 - ANSWER ____ layers of towels- prevent burning, too much heat energy, etc.
no - ANSWER can you use moist towels with heat
Hydrocollator - ANSWER Hot Pack Machines
158 to 168 degrees F - ANSWER temperature for hydrocollator
conduction - ANSWER Heat transfer via _____ hydrocollator
2.5 hours - ANSWER how long does it take for hot packs to heat back up in hydrocollator
put in freezer - ANSWER what to do with hot packs if not using for awhile to kill bacteria
whirlpool - ANSWER Used in Greece 500 to 300 BC- hot springs, Various shapes and
sizes - stainless turbine, Turbine turned toward or away from patient, Patient can do
therapeutic exercise in whirlpool, Hard to keep clean and costly to heat
convection and conduction - ANSWER type of heat transfer in whirlpool
paraffin - ANSWER Can't bill for, Use since early 1900's, Low specified heat - transfer
not good, Will not last a long time- put in zip lock bag to keep the heat in, Add too much
oil - heat gets higher- oil keeps it from sticking to the side of bath, Dispose of after use -
contaminated- not hot enough to kill bacteria, 160 kills bacteria
conduction - ANSWER heat transfer in paraffin
hand, elbow, foot - ANSWER body parts that can use paraffin with
1-2 cm. - ANSWER how deep does heat of paraffin go
113-122 F - ANSWER temperature of paraffin bath
continuous immersion with retention, continuous immersion - ANSWER methods for
applying paraffin
7 dip immersions, continuous 30 min immersion in bath, 30 min period of retention
outside that bath - ANSWER continuous immersion with retention of paraffin
7 dip immersions, continuous 30 min immersion in bath - ANSWER continuous
immersion of paraffin
continuous immersion - ANSWER methods for applying paraffin that produces greatest
increase in cutaneous, subcutaneous, and muscular temperature
fluidotherapy - ANSWER Natural cellulose ground up corn cob, Circulates warm air, Can
help with edema if arm is above heart, Can do AROM, Cannot Tx proximal joints,
Expensive, Tolerance an issue with some
convection and conversion - ANSWER heat transfer with fluidotherapy
,130 F - ANSWER temperature of fluidotherapy
mechanoreceptors and pain receptors - ANSWER fluidotherapy stimulates ______
CRPS - ANSWER fluidotherapy desensitizes _____
no - ANSWER can fluidotherapy treatment proximal joints
if arm is above the heart - ANSWER how can fluidotherapy help with edema
VASODILATION, increases blood flow, repairs tissue, removes inflammatory
compounds- histamines, More oxygen to tissues, More nutrients to tissues, More
"troops" to the tissues (macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts), speed up healing
process - ANSWER Hemodynamic (blood effects) of thermal therapy
agonist, antagonist, antagonist - ANSWER neuromuscular effects of thermal therapy-
depends on how long heat applied- short term- more firing of ______ and inhibits ______,
long term has opposite effect- more firing of antagonist
increase in temperature, decreases firing rate of type II muscle spindle, excitatory to
agonist muscle and inhibitor to antagonist.
Increases firing rate of type Ib from Golgi tendon organs - inhibitory to agonist and
excitatory to antagonist, Reduces alpha motor neurons, reduction in muscle spasm,
reducing muscle spasm should reduce pain - ANSWER neuromuscular effects of
thermal therapy
velocity and firing rate - ANSWER thermo therapy effects changes nerve conduction
_________
pain threshold - ANSWER thermo therapy increased _______- can tolerate more
decreases muscle spasm, inhibits gating effect on transmission of pain sensation,
changes in muscle strength, increased hand performance - ANSWER thermo therapy
effects
decrease - ANSWER Muscle strength and endurance may _________ during the initial 30
minutes after heating.- inhibit strength for a while- relax everything
Altered Tissue Extensibility - ANSWER thermal therapy causes ____ of collagen- Good
time to do stretching, maintains greater increase in length, less force is required to
, increase length, reduces risk of tissue tear, may be difficult to achieve with superficial
heat
104-113 F for 5-10 minutes - ANSWER optimal temperature for altered tissue
extensibility
articular cartilage - ANSWER thermal therapy effects may accelerate destruction of
_________ in patients with RA- Use with caution in patients with acute inflammatory
disorders; may contribute to inflammatory process. Don't use thermal therapy with RA-
contraindications, but can use with OA
articular cartilage injury - ANSWER injury or damage to the tough cartilage that covers
the ends of bone, composed of collagen, which is present on a bone's articulating
surface
Decreases muscle spasms (decreasing ischemia), Increasing blood flow removes waste
products/inflammatory compounds that activate nociceptors, Psychological aspects,
Increases ROM and decreases joint stiffness, Tissue healing - ANSWER thermal therapy
for pain control
no - ANSWER is thermal therapy recommended during the acute inflammatory stage
Check for contraindications/precautions, Visually inspect tissue before and after
application, Test skin for sensory heat discrimination, Educate patient on goals of
thermotherapy, expected sensation (i.e. mild warmth) and to ask for assistance if too
hot (bell), Therapist wear timer, Check patient periodically (5-10 min), < 20 min duration
depending on patient (dx, history, tolerance...), Stop treating if patient reports excessive
heat or burning - ANSWER steps for application of thermal therapy
vasodilation, increase thermoreceptor activity, decrease joint viscosity - ANSWER
effects of heat
increase cell metabolism, increase blood flow, promotes soft tissue healing - ANSWER
effects of heat on vasodilation
