Step 2 CK First Aid Rapid Review
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter. - ✔✔"Sawtooth" P waves.
Definition of unstable angina. - ✔✔Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest.
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria. - ✔✔ACEI.
Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade. - ✔✔Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD.
Drugs that slow AV node transmission. - ✔✔β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel
blockers.
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus. - ✔✔Niacin.
Murmur—hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). - ✔✔Systolic ejection
murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that ↑ with Valsalva maneuver and
standing.
Murmur—aortic insufficiency. - ✔✔Diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing
murmur that is best heard sitting up; ↑ with ↓ preload (handgrip maneuver).
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,Murmur—aortic stenosis. - ✔✔Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to
the neck; ↑ with ↑ preload (Valsalva maneuver).
Murmur—mitral regurgitation. - ✔✔Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or
carotids.
Murmur—mitral stenosis. - ✔✔Diastolic, mid- to late, low-pitched murmur.
Treatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. - ✔✔If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or
chronic, rate control with calcium channel blockers or β-blockers.
Treatment for ventricular fibrillation. - ✔✔Immediate cardioversion.
Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI. - ✔✔Dressler's syndrome:
fever, pericarditis, ↑ ESR.
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment? -
✔✔Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve.
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. - ✔✔Echocardiogram (showing
thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction).
A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration. - ✔✔Pulsus paradoxus (seen in
cardiac tamponade).
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis. - ✔✔Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation.
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,Definition of hypertension. - ✔✔BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks
apart.
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension. - ✔✔Renal artery stenosis,
coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome,
unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit. - ✔✔Abdominal ultrasound and
CT.
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. - ✔✔> 5.5 cm, rapidly
enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured.
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome. - ✔✔Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin,
ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin.
What is metabolic syndrome? - ✔✔Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL,
hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states.
Target LDL in a patient with diabetes. - ✔✔< 70.
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing. - ✔✔Angina, ST-segment changes on
ECG, or ↓ BP.
ECG findings suggesting MI. - ✔✔ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia),
flattened T waves, and Q waves.
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, Coronary territories in MI. - ✔✔Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA),
posterior (left circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal).
A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are
normal. - ✔✔Prinzmetal's angina.
Common symptoms associated with silent Mls. - ✔✔CHF, shock, and altered mental
status.
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism. - ✔✔V/Q scan.
An agent that reverses the effects of heparin. - ✔✔Protamine.
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin. - ✔✔PT.
A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while
exercising. - ✔✔Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens. - ✔✔Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU
procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after.
The 6 P's of ischemia due to peripheral vascular disease. - ✔✔Pain, pallor,
pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia.
Virchow's triad. - ✔✔Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage.
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter. - ✔✔"Sawtooth" P waves.
Definition of unstable angina. - ✔✔Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest.
Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria. - ✔✔ACEI.
Beck's triad for cardiac tamponade. - ✔✔Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD.
Drugs that slow AV node transmission. - ✔✔β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel
blockers.
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that leads to flushing and pruritus. - ✔✔Niacin.
Murmur—hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM). - ✔✔Systolic ejection
murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that ↑ with Valsalva maneuver and
standing.
Murmur—aortic insufficiency. - ✔✔Diastolic, decrescendo, high-pitched, blowing
murmur that is best heard sitting up; ↑ with ↓ preload (handgrip maneuver).
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,Murmur—aortic stenosis. - ✔✔Systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to
the neck; ↑ with ↑ preload (Valsalva maneuver).
Murmur—mitral regurgitation. - ✔✔Holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axillae or
carotids.
Murmur—mitral stenosis. - ✔✔Diastolic, mid- to late, low-pitched murmur.
Treatment for atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. - ✔✔If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or
chronic, rate control with calcium channel blockers or β-blockers.
Treatment for ventricular fibrillation. - ✔✔Immediate cardioversion.
Autoimmune complication occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI. - ✔✔Dressler's syndrome:
fever, pericarditis, ↑ ESR.
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment? -
✔✔Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve.
Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. - ✔✔Echocardiogram (showing
thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction).
A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration. - ✔✔Pulsus paradoxus (seen in
cardiac tamponade).
Classic ECG findings in pericarditis. - ✔✔Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation.
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,Definition of hypertension. - ✔✔BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks
apart.
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension. - ✔✔Renal artery stenosis,
coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn's syndrome, Cushing's syndrome,
unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism.
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit. - ✔✔Abdominal ultrasound and
CT.
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. - ✔✔> 5.5 cm, rapidly
enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured.
Treatment for acute coronary syndrome. - ✔✔Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin,
ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin.
What is metabolic syndrome? - ✔✔Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL,
hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states.
Target LDL in a patient with diabetes. - ✔✔< 70.
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing. - ✔✔Angina, ST-segment changes on
ECG, or ↓ BP.
ECG findings suggesting MI. - ✔✔ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia),
flattened T waves, and Q waves.
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, Coronary territories in MI. - ✔✔Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), inferior (PDA),
posterior (left circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal).
A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are
normal. - ✔✔Prinzmetal's angina.
Common symptoms associated with silent Mls. - ✔✔CHF, shock, and altered mental
status.
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism. - ✔✔V/Q scan.
An agent that reverses the effects of heparin. - ✔✔Protamine.
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin. - ✔✔PT.
A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while
exercising. - ✔✔Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens. - ✔✔Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU
procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after.
The 6 P's of ischemia due to peripheral vascular disease. - ✔✔Pain, pallor,
pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia.
Virchow's triad. - ✔✔Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage.
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