HSCI 207 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Qualitative strengths and weaknesses - Answer-- Strengths: address complex issues,
holistic understanding, deep meaning and discovery, individual experience, high validity
Weaknesses: subjective, replication is rare, results not generalizable, convenience
samples may be bias
Mixed methods approach? - Answer-- Collecting and analyzing BOTH forms of data in a
single study
- Recognizes the strengths in both quantitative and qualitative methods
- Doesn't have to be "either or"
What is ethics? - Answer-- Study of mortality and application of ethical reasoning
- Right or wrong in any given situation through principles and practices
what is clinical ethics? - Answer-ethical conduct and decision making in relation to the
delivery of health care
What is research ethics? - Answer-ethical conduct and decision making in undertakings
intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic
investigation
Why do we have research ethics? - Answer-world war II, tuskegee, milgram, watch
queen, and stanford prison experiment
Who approves research in Canada? - Answer-tri-council policy statement 2018
(TCPS2)
What are the principles of ethical conduct in research? - Answer-scientific merit, respect
for persons, beneficence/concern for welfare, and justice
Codification of principles - Answer-nuremburg code, UN declaration of human rights,
declaration of helsinki, and belmont report
what came out of the codification of principles - Answer-Results must be for greater
good of society, human experiments should be based off animal experiments, avoiding
mental and physical pain, avoid death or disability, Risk should never exceed benefits,
subjects should stop whenever they choose.
What does the research ethics board review for studies? - Answer-1. Minimizing
potential risks to participants
2. Ensuring that consent is free and informed
, 3. Ensuring the scientific merit of the research
4. Ensuring that any conflicts of interest have been properly managed
What is consent and assent? - Answer-- Must obtain informed consent
- When a participant can't provide it, their next of kin can
o Ex. Coma, mental illness, child
- Conscious participant must provide consent, if they dissent, they are not included in
the study
What are types of risk in research? - Answer-- Physical
o Side effects
- Psychological
o Traumatic events revisited
- Economic
o Job loss due to known participation
- Social
o Exclusion due to known participation
- Legal
o Researcher can be subpoenaed for their data
Explain the 5 types of confidentiality. - Answer-- Directly identifying information
o You know who the person is through their personal info
- Indirectly identifying information
o Info that's group together, you know who from DOB
- Coded info
o You replaced the identifying info with a study ID in the dataset, but you have a
separate list that corresponds to it
- Anonymized information
o Same as coded but you throw the master list so it can never be linked back to the
study IDs and individuals
- Anonymous information
o Never collected any identifying info (Survey)
What are 3 forms of misconduct in research? - Answer-1. Fabrication
o Making up data, methods, or findings
2. Falsification
o Manipulation or omission of data, methods, or findings without an appropriate
disclosure
3. Plagiarism
o Referring to another researcher's work without appropriate attribution, referencing, or
permission
What are 3 Core principles for the conduct of research? - Answer-1. Respect for
persons
o Acknowledging the value of the human study participant
o Providing the opportunity for informed consent
CORRECT ANSWERS
Qualitative strengths and weaknesses - Answer-- Strengths: address complex issues,
holistic understanding, deep meaning and discovery, individual experience, high validity
Weaknesses: subjective, replication is rare, results not generalizable, convenience
samples may be bias
Mixed methods approach? - Answer-- Collecting and analyzing BOTH forms of data in a
single study
- Recognizes the strengths in both quantitative and qualitative methods
- Doesn't have to be "either or"
What is ethics? - Answer-- Study of mortality and application of ethical reasoning
- Right or wrong in any given situation through principles and practices
what is clinical ethics? - Answer-ethical conduct and decision making in relation to the
delivery of health care
What is research ethics? - Answer-ethical conduct and decision making in undertakings
intended to extend knowledge through a disciplined inquiry and/or systematic
investigation
Why do we have research ethics? - Answer-world war II, tuskegee, milgram, watch
queen, and stanford prison experiment
Who approves research in Canada? - Answer-tri-council policy statement 2018
(TCPS2)
What are the principles of ethical conduct in research? - Answer-scientific merit, respect
for persons, beneficence/concern for welfare, and justice
Codification of principles - Answer-nuremburg code, UN declaration of human rights,
declaration of helsinki, and belmont report
what came out of the codification of principles - Answer-Results must be for greater
good of society, human experiments should be based off animal experiments, avoiding
mental and physical pain, avoid death or disability, Risk should never exceed benefits,
subjects should stop whenever they choose.
What does the research ethics board review for studies? - Answer-1. Minimizing
potential risks to participants
2. Ensuring that consent is free and informed
, 3. Ensuring the scientific merit of the research
4. Ensuring that any conflicts of interest have been properly managed
What is consent and assent? - Answer-- Must obtain informed consent
- When a participant can't provide it, their next of kin can
o Ex. Coma, mental illness, child
- Conscious participant must provide consent, if they dissent, they are not included in
the study
What are types of risk in research? - Answer-- Physical
o Side effects
- Psychological
o Traumatic events revisited
- Economic
o Job loss due to known participation
- Social
o Exclusion due to known participation
- Legal
o Researcher can be subpoenaed for their data
Explain the 5 types of confidentiality. - Answer-- Directly identifying information
o You know who the person is through their personal info
- Indirectly identifying information
o Info that's group together, you know who from DOB
- Coded info
o You replaced the identifying info with a study ID in the dataset, but you have a
separate list that corresponds to it
- Anonymized information
o Same as coded but you throw the master list so it can never be linked back to the
study IDs and individuals
- Anonymous information
o Never collected any identifying info (Survey)
What are 3 forms of misconduct in research? - Answer-1. Fabrication
o Making up data, methods, or findings
2. Falsification
o Manipulation or omission of data, methods, or findings without an appropriate
disclosure
3. Plagiarism
o Referring to another researcher's work without appropriate attribution, referencing, or
permission
What are 3 Core principles for the conduct of research? - Answer-1. Respect for
persons
o Acknowledging the value of the human study participant
o Providing the opportunity for informed consent
