ESSENTIAL CELL BIOLOGY - CHAPTER
#13 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Glycolysis generates more stored energy than it expends. What is the net activated
carrier molecules produced in this process (number and type of molecules produced
minus the number of those molecules used as input)?
(a) 6 ATP, 2 NADH
(b) 4 ATP, 4 NADH
(c) 2 ATP, 2 NADH
(d) 4 ATP, 2 NADH - ANSWER-C
Which of the following steps or processes in aerobic respiration include the production
of carbon dioxide?
(a) breakdown of glycogen
(b) glycolysis
(c) conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
(d) oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-C
In step 4 of glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) is cleaved to
produce two three-carbon molecules (dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate). Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
(a) aldolase
(b) phosphoglucose isomerase
(c) enolase
(d) triose phosphate isomerase - ANSWER-A
The conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate in step 6 of
glycolysis generates a "high energy" phosphoanhydride bond. Which of the following
best describes what happens to that bond in step 7?
(a) It is hydrolyzed to drive the formation of ATP.
(b) It is hydrolyzed to drive the formation of NADH.
(c) It is hydrolyzed to generate pyruvate.
(d) It is oxidized to CO2. - ANSWER-A
Steps 7 and 10 of glycolysis result in substrate-level phosphorylation. Which of the
following best describes this process?
(a) ATP is being hydrolyzed to phosphorylate the substrate.
,(b) The energy derived from substrate oxidation is coupled to the conversion of ADP to
ATP.
(c) Two successive phosphates are transferred, first to AMP, then to ADP, finally
forming ATP.
(d) The substrate is hydrolyzed using ATP as an energy source. - ANSWER-B
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a kinase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-D
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of an isomerase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-A
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a mutase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-B
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a dehydrogenase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-C
, On a diet consisting of nothing but protein, which of the following is the most likely
outcome?
(a) loss of weight because amino acids cannot be used for the synthesis of fat
(b) muscle gain because the amino acids will go directly into building muscle
(c) tiredness because amino acids cannot be used to generate energy
(d) excretion of more nitrogenous (ammonia-derived) wastes than with a more balanced
diet - ANSWER-D
Figure Q13-19 represents a cell lining the gut. Draw numbered, labeled lines to indicate
exactly where inside a cell the following processes take place.
Figure Q13-19
1. glycolysis
2. citric acid cycle
3. conversion of pyruvate to activated acetyl groups
4. oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
5. glycogen breakdown
6. release of fatty acids from triacylglycerols
7. oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-Page 438 in book
Which of the following processes do not take place in the mitochondria?
(a) citric acid cycle
(b) conversion of pyruvate to activated acetyl groups
(c) oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
(d) glycogen breakdown - ANSWER-D
Which reaction does the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase catalyze?
(a) glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
(b) fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
(c) glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
(d) glucose to glucose 1-phosphate - ANSWER-C
What purpose does the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by the
enzyme hexokinase serve as the first step in glycolysis?
(a) It helps drive the uptake of glucose from outside the cell.
(b) It generates a high-energy phosphate bond.
(c) It converts ATP to a more useful form.
(d) It by the enables the glucose 6-phosphate to be recognized phosphofructokinase,
next enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. - ANSWER-A
Which of the following cells rely exclusively on glycolysis to supply them with ATP?
(a) anaerobically growing yeast
#13 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
Glycolysis generates more stored energy than it expends. What is the net activated
carrier molecules produced in this process (number and type of molecules produced
minus the number of those molecules used as input)?
(a) 6 ATP, 2 NADH
(b) 4 ATP, 4 NADH
(c) 2 ATP, 2 NADH
(d) 4 ATP, 2 NADH - ANSWER-C
Which of the following steps or processes in aerobic respiration include the production
of carbon dioxide?
(a) breakdown of glycogen
(b) glycolysis
(c) conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
(d) oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-C
In step 4 of glycolysis, a six-carbon sugar (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) is cleaved to
produce two three-carbon molecules (dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde
3-phosphate). Which enzyme catalyzes this reaction?
(a) aldolase
(b) phosphoglucose isomerase
(c) enolase
(d) triose phosphate isomerase - ANSWER-A
The conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate in step 6 of
glycolysis generates a "high energy" phosphoanhydride bond. Which of the following
best describes what happens to that bond in step 7?
(a) It is hydrolyzed to drive the formation of ATP.
(b) It is hydrolyzed to drive the formation of NADH.
(c) It is hydrolyzed to generate pyruvate.
(d) It is oxidized to CO2. - ANSWER-A
Steps 7 and 10 of glycolysis result in substrate-level phosphorylation. Which of the
following best describes this process?
(a) ATP is being hydrolyzed to phosphorylate the substrate.
,(b) The energy derived from substrate oxidation is coupled to the conversion of ADP to
ATP.
(c) Two successive phosphates are transferred, first to AMP, then to ADP, finally
forming ATP.
(d) The substrate is hydrolyzed using ATP as an energy source. - ANSWER-B
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a kinase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-D
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of an isomerase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-A
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a mutase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-B
Several different classes of enzymes are needed for the catabolism of carbohydrates.
Which of the following descriptions best matches the function of a dehydrogenase?
(a) An enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of bonds within a single molecule.
(b) An enzyme that catalyzes a change in the position of a specific chemical group
within a single molecule.
(c) An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of a molecule by removing a hydride ion.
(d) An enzyme that catalyzes the addition of phosphate groups to other molecules. -
ANSWER-C
, On a diet consisting of nothing but protein, which of the following is the most likely
outcome?
(a) loss of weight because amino acids cannot be used for the synthesis of fat
(b) muscle gain because the amino acids will go directly into building muscle
(c) tiredness because amino acids cannot be used to generate energy
(d) excretion of more nitrogenous (ammonia-derived) wastes than with a more balanced
diet - ANSWER-D
Figure Q13-19 represents a cell lining the gut. Draw numbered, labeled lines to indicate
exactly where inside a cell the following processes take place.
Figure Q13-19
1. glycolysis
2. citric acid cycle
3. conversion of pyruvate to activated acetyl groups
4. oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
5. glycogen breakdown
6. release of fatty acids from triacylglycerols
7. oxidative phosphorylation - ANSWER-Page 438 in book
Which of the following processes do not take place in the mitochondria?
(a) citric acid cycle
(b) conversion of pyruvate to activated acetyl groups
(c) oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl CoA
(d) glycogen breakdown - ANSWER-D
Which reaction does the enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase catalyze?
(a) glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
(b) fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
(c) glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
(d) glucose to glucose 1-phosphate - ANSWER-C
What purpose does the phosphorylation of glucose to glucose 6-phosphate by the
enzyme hexokinase serve as the first step in glycolysis?
(a) It helps drive the uptake of glucose from outside the cell.
(b) It generates a high-energy phosphate bond.
(c) It converts ATP to a more useful form.
(d) It by the enables the glucose 6-phosphate to be recognized phosphofructokinase,
next enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. - ANSWER-A
Which of the following cells rely exclusively on glycolysis to supply them with ATP?
(a) anaerobically growing yeast
