ESSENTIAL CELL BIOLOGY EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DNA, Protein - ANSWER-Biochemical analysis revealed that chromosomes contain
___________
Something in the heat killed, infectious bacteria can transform harmless, living bacteria
into pathogenic ones - ANSWER-What does the mouse experiment demonstrate?
Adenine Links with thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds, Cytosine links with Guanine via 3
hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-DNA is composed of two long polynucleotide strands.
Which nucleotides pair together and how many hydrogens link them?
False - ANSWER-T or F: During early embryonic development the maternal X
chromosome is inactivated in a given cell. Some descendants of that cell will have the
paternal X chromosome inactivated.
Semi-Conservative, Dispersive - ANSWER-Of the 3 models proposed for the nature of
DNA replication, which model(s) predict(s) the production of DNA molecules composed
of both the original parent DNA molecule and the newly synthesized DNA?
Meselson & Stahl - ANSWER-Which researcher(s) designed and performed an
experiment that was able to ascertain which model of DNA Replication was correct?
2 - ANSWER-How many replicaiton forks form at each replication origin? (ie. Origin of
Replication)
DNA polymerase, 3' - ANSWER-_____________ catalyzes the addition of nucleotides
to the ____ end of the growing DNA strand.
Incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) - ANSWER-the energy for DNA
polymerization is provided by the _________________.
DNA---->RNA---->Protein - ANSWER-What is the central dogma? ie. the flow of genetic
information in the cell?
False - ANSWER-T or F: All genes on the same chromosome use the same DNA strand
as the template
RNA polymerase II - ANSWER-________________________ transcribes all protein-
coding genes.
, Branch point, 3' splice junction, 5' splice junction - ANSWER-mRNA splicing is show in
in an image. What nucleotide sequences function as essential cues for the removal of
introns from the primary transcript? (3)
20 - ANSWER-Pairing & Attachment of the correct amino acid to its tRNA partner
depends on aminoacytl-tRNA synthetases. How many different tRNA synthetases are
there?
Production and accumulate of different sets of RNA and protein molecules - ANSWER-
What causes a neuron to look and behave differently than a liver cell?
False - ANSWER-T or F: Differentiated cells DO NOT contain all the genetic instructions
necessary to direct the formation of a complete organism.
Sigma factor, general transcription factors - ANSWER-Sequences upstream of the
transcription start site (TSS) are recognized by proteins that associate with RNA
polymerase (RNAP). ______________ associate(s) with RNAP in bacteria and
_______________ associate(s) with RNAP in eukaryotes.
Transdifferentiation - ANSWER-When a set of nerve-specific transcription regulators are
artificially expressed in cultured liver cells, they can convert them into functional
neurons. In a processed called ________________, where one specialized cell is
converted into another.
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) - ANSWER-MiroRNAs (miRNAs) are bound by
(or packaged with) specialized proteins to form _____________, which searches the
cytoplasm for mRNA complementary to bound miRNA. Once paired with the target
mRNA, the mRNA is either destroyed or its translation is blocked.
Proteins & lipids - ANSWER-Regardless of their location, all cell membranes, which
include the cell membrane (plasma membrane) and internal organelles are composed
of (2)?
Flip flop-lipid molecule "tumbles" from one half of the bilayer (that is, monolayer or
leaflet) to the other - ANSWER-The lipid bilayer behaves like a flexible two-dimensional
fluid. Phospholipids can exhibit four basic types of movements in the bilayer. Which of
the following movements is the least common? Flexion, rotation, lateral diffusion, flip-
flop
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER-Membrane assembly begins in the
_______________.
Noncytosolic, cytosolic - ANSWER-membranes have distinct "inside" and "outside"
faces and they retain their orientation during transfer between cell compartments.
The _________________ monolayer is exposed either to the cell exterior, or the interior
space (lumen) of the organelle.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
DNA, Protein - ANSWER-Biochemical analysis revealed that chromosomes contain
___________
Something in the heat killed, infectious bacteria can transform harmless, living bacteria
into pathogenic ones - ANSWER-What does the mouse experiment demonstrate?
Adenine Links with thymine via 2 hydrogen bonds, Cytosine links with Guanine via 3
hydrogen bonds - ANSWER-DNA is composed of two long polynucleotide strands.
Which nucleotides pair together and how many hydrogens link them?
False - ANSWER-T or F: During early embryonic development the maternal X
chromosome is inactivated in a given cell. Some descendants of that cell will have the
paternal X chromosome inactivated.
Semi-Conservative, Dispersive - ANSWER-Of the 3 models proposed for the nature of
DNA replication, which model(s) predict(s) the production of DNA molecules composed
of both the original parent DNA molecule and the newly synthesized DNA?
Meselson & Stahl - ANSWER-Which researcher(s) designed and performed an
experiment that was able to ascertain which model of DNA Replication was correct?
2 - ANSWER-How many replicaiton forks form at each replication origin? (ie. Origin of
Replication)
DNA polymerase, 3' - ANSWER-_____________ catalyzes the addition of nucleotides
to the ____ end of the growing DNA strand.
Incoming deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) - ANSWER-the energy for DNA
polymerization is provided by the _________________.
DNA---->RNA---->Protein - ANSWER-What is the central dogma? ie. the flow of genetic
information in the cell?
False - ANSWER-T or F: All genes on the same chromosome use the same DNA strand
as the template
RNA polymerase II - ANSWER-________________________ transcribes all protein-
coding genes.
, Branch point, 3' splice junction, 5' splice junction - ANSWER-mRNA splicing is show in
in an image. What nucleotide sequences function as essential cues for the removal of
introns from the primary transcript? (3)
20 - ANSWER-Pairing & Attachment of the correct amino acid to its tRNA partner
depends on aminoacytl-tRNA synthetases. How many different tRNA synthetases are
there?
Production and accumulate of different sets of RNA and protein molecules - ANSWER-
What causes a neuron to look and behave differently than a liver cell?
False - ANSWER-T or F: Differentiated cells DO NOT contain all the genetic instructions
necessary to direct the formation of a complete organism.
Sigma factor, general transcription factors - ANSWER-Sequences upstream of the
transcription start site (TSS) are recognized by proteins that associate with RNA
polymerase (RNAP). ______________ associate(s) with RNAP in bacteria and
_______________ associate(s) with RNAP in eukaryotes.
Transdifferentiation - ANSWER-When a set of nerve-specific transcription regulators are
artificially expressed in cultured liver cells, they can convert them into functional
neurons. In a processed called ________________, where one specialized cell is
converted into another.
RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) - ANSWER-MiroRNAs (miRNAs) are bound by
(or packaged with) specialized proteins to form _____________, which searches the
cytoplasm for mRNA complementary to bound miRNA. Once paired with the target
mRNA, the mRNA is either destroyed or its translation is blocked.
Proteins & lipids - ANSWER-Regardless of their location, all cell membranes, which
include the cell membrane (plasma membrane) and internal organelles are composed
of (2)?
Flip flop-lipid molecule "tumbles" from one half of the bilayer (that is, monolayer or
leaflet) to the other - ANSWER-The lipid bilayer behaves like a flexible two-dimensional
fluid. Phospholipids can exhibit four basic types of movements in the bilayer. Which of
the following movements is the least common? Flexion, rotation, lateral diffusion, flip-
flop
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ANSWER-Membrane assembly begins in the
_______________.
Noncytosolic, cytosolic - ANSWER-membranes have distinct "inside" and "outside"
faces and they retain their orientation during transfer between cell compartments.
The _________________ monolayer is exposed either to the cell exterior, or the interior
space (lumen) of the organelle.
