1 | Page
APEA- Pharm Urology Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of race or
diabetes status, the initial recommended therapy for hypertension to
improve kidney outcomes is:
aldosterone antagonists.
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
Ans: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
A 48-year-old patient with diabetes, hypertension, and renal
insufficiency is taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). ARBs
act by:
blocking the receptor sites of angiotensinogen in the liver.
,2 | Page
blocking the angiotensin I receptors in the cardiomyocytes and
fibroblasts.
inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin I receptor sites
on vascular smooth muscles.
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, blocking
the renin-angiotensin system.
Ans: inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin I receptor sites
on vascular smooth muscles.
Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), are a preferred
choice in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis because they:
have daily dosing regimens.
are less likely to result in antimicrobial resistance.
are effective in 3-day treatment regimens.
produce high concentrations in the renal medulla.
,3 | Page
Ans: produce high concentrations in the renal medulla.
Patients receiving thiazide diuretics should be monitored for
hypokalemia and:
hyperuricemia.
hypermagnesemia.
hypernatremia.
hypocalcemia.
Ans: hyperuricemia.
Extreme caution should be exercised when administering imipramine
(Tofranil) to a child with:
ataxia.
enuresis.
hypothyroidism.
epilepsy.
, 4 | Page
Ans: epilepsy.
imipramine shown to lower seizure threshold
In the treatment of urge incontinence, anticholinergics relax smooth
muscles in the bladder by:
blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
interfering with the release of potassium.
inhibiting muscarinic activity of acetylcholine.
interfering with the release of calcium.
Ans: inhibiting muscarinic activity of acetylcholine.
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) used in the treatment of nocturnal
enuresis should be avoided in patients with:
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
bradycardia.
APEA- Pharm Urology Questions and
Correct Answers/ Latest Update /
Already Graded
In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), regardless of race or
diabetes status, the initial recommended therapy for hypertension to
improve kidney outcomes is:
aldosterone antagonists.
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
beta-blockers.
calcium channel blockers.
Ans: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
A 48-year-old patient with diabetes, hypertension, and renal
insufficiency is taking an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). ARBs
act by:
blocking the receptor sites of angiotensinogen in the liver.
,2 | Page
blocking the angiotensin I receptors in the cardiomyocytes and
fibroblasts.
inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin I receptor sites
on vascular smooth muscles.
inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, blocking
the renin-angiotensin system.
Ans: inhibiting the binding of angiotensin II to angiotensin I receptor sites
on vascular smooth muscles.
Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro), are a preferred
choice in the treatment of acute pyelonephritis because they:
have daily dosing regimens.
are less likely to result in antimicrobial resistance.
are effective in 3-day treatment regimens.
produce high concentrations in the renal medulla.
,3 | Page
Ans: produce high concentrations in the renal medulla.
Patients receiving thiazide diuretics should be monitored for
hypokalemia and:
hyperuricemia.
hypermagnesemia.
hypernatremia.
hypocalcemia.
Ans: hyperuricemia.
Extreme caution should be exercised when administering imipramine
(Tofranil) to a child with:
ataxia.
enuresis.
hypothyroidism.
epilepsy.
, 4 | Page
Ans: epilepsy.
imipramine shown to lower seizure threshold
In the treatment of urge incontinence, anticholinergics relax smooth
muscles in the bladder by:
blocking alpha adrenergic receptors.
interfering with the release of potassium.
inhibiting muscarinic activity of acetylcholine.
interfering with the release of calcium.
Ans: inhibiting muscarinic activity of acetylcholine.
Desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) used in the treatment of nocturnal
enuresis should be avoided in patients with:
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
bradycardia.
