NURS 6501 ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
Eukaryotes - ANSWER Well -defined nucleus
What are the 8 Cellular Functions - ANSWER Movement, Conductivity,
Absorption, Secretion Excretion, Respiration, Communication
What are the two major parts of a Eukaryotic Cell? - ANSWER Nucleus and
Cytoplasm
What is the primary functions of the nucleus? - ANSWER Cell division and
control of genetic information
What is the chief function of ribosomes? - ANSWER Provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis
This is where proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum are packaged. -
ANSWER Golgi Complex
This is responsible for synthesis and transport of proteins? - ANSWER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
_________ functions as the intracellular digestive system. - ANSWER
Lysosomes
Powerhouse of the cell? It also generates ATP thru aerobic metabolism. -
ANSWER Mitochondria
Maintains the shape of the cell, the "bones and muscles" of the cell? -
ANSWER Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton is made up of what? - ANSWER Microtubules, intermediate
filaments, and microfilaments
What are the structures that make up the plasma membrane? - ANSWER
Caveolae, lipid bilayer, and carbohydrates
,What is a amphipathic molecule? - ANSWER A molecule that is part
hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
_______ solution pulls water out of cells and causes them to shrink. -
ANSWER Hypertonic
________ has a lower concentration and is thus more dilute than body fluids.
- ANSWER Hypotonic
This type of transport requires energy to take place? - ANSWER Active
Transport
When at rest where is NA+ located in relation to the cell? - ANSWER Outside
/ Extracellular fluid
When at rest where is K+ located in relation to the cell? - ANSWER Inside /
Intracellular Fluid
What is happening during Depolarization? - ANSWER NA+ is moving into
the cell and K+ is moving out of the cell.
What happens during Repolarization? - ANSWER NA+ gate closes and NA+
K+ pump takes over
The most basic precursor cell. - ANSWER Founder Cells
What type of necrosis resembles clumped cheese? - ANSWER Caseous
necrosis
________ is cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components
and packaging the remains in vesicles. - ANSWER Apoptosis
_______ is when blood settles in the body after death. - ANSWER Livor
mortis
______ is when myosin detaches from actin because there is not ATP
available and the muscles stiffen. - ANSWER Rigor mortis
The postmortem reduction of body temperature. - ANSWER Algor mortis
,How does Hypernatremia effect ICF and ECF? - ANSWER It causes water
to move from the ICF to the ECF
What two elements are mainly found in the bones? - ANSWER calcium and
phosphate
H+ _____ in number, pH is ______ (acidic) - ANSWER high / low
H+ ______ in number, pH is ______ (Alkaline) - ANSWER Low / High
What is the body's normal pH? - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
Elevation of pCO2 due to ventilation depression - ANSWER Respiratory
Acidosis
Depression of pCO2 due to alveolar hyperventilation - ANSWER Respiratory
Alkalosis
Depression of HCO3- or an increase in noncarbonic acids - ANSWER
Metabolic Acidosis
Elevation of HCO3- usually due to an excessive loss of metabolic acids -
ANSWER Metabolic Alkalosis
The actual values for bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio are not normal but
the normal ratio is achieved.
20:1 ratio - ANSWER Compensation
Ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis are associated with a ______ anion gap. -
ANSWER Elevated
Diarrhea and renal failure are associated with a _______ anion gap. -
ANSWER Normal
_____ has the same osmolality as normal body fluids - ANSWER Isotonic
The main difference between cells that divide rapidly and cells those that
divide slowly is? - ANSWER the amount of time is spends in G1 Phase
The medium in which a solute is dissolved is? - ANSWER Solvent
, A substance that binds to a receptor is? - ANSWER Ligand
What is the unfolding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle to enter into
the cell? - ANSWER Endocytosis
A decrease or shrinkage in cellular size - ANSWER Atrophy
A increase in the size of a cell and organ - ANSWER Hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells related to cellular division - ANSWER
Hyperplasia
Cell death caused by _____ results in inflammation. - ANSWER Necrosis
Death of the entire person is called________ death - ANSWER Somatic
Nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin - ANSWER Karyolysis
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER heat, pain, redness,
and swelling
_________ may activate the complement system - ANSWER Proenzymes
_________ may activate the classic complement system - ANSWER
Antigen-antibody complex
central to inflammation, big in allergic response - ANSWER Mast cells
Which condition is caused by excessive and abnormal bone resorption and
formation? -ANSWER Paget's Disease
The outer connective tissue layer is called the: -ANSWER Periosteum
Pagetic bone has: -ANSWER High spongy to compact bone ratio
C) Cortisol medication - ANSWER Which one of the following is a common
cause of hypercortisolism?
A) Low ACTH levels
B) Injury to the kidneys
C) Cortisol medication
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
Eukaryotes - ANSWER Well -defined nucleus
What are the 8 Cellular Functions - ANSWER Movement, Conductivity,
Absorption, Secretion Excretion, Respiration, Communication
What are the two major parts of a Eukaryotic Cell? - ANSWER Nucleus and
Cytoplasm
What is the primary functions of the nucleus? - ANSWER Cell division and
control of genetic information
What is the chief function of ribosomes? - ANSWER Provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis
This is where proteins from the Endoplasmic Reticulum are packaged. -
ANSWER Golgi Complex
This is responsible for synthesis and transport of proteins? - ANSWER
Endoplasmic Reticulum
_________ functions as the intracellular digestive system. - ANSWER
Lysosomes
Powerhouse of the cell? It also generates ATP thru aerobic metabolism. -
ANSWER Mitochondria
Maintains the shape of the cell, the "bones and muscles" of the cell? -
ANSWER Cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton is made up of what? - ANSWER Microtubules, intermediate
filaments, and microfilaments
What are the structures that make up the plasma membrane? - ANSWER
Caveolae, lipid bilayer, and carbohydrates
,What is a amphipathic molecule? - ANSWER A molecule that is part
hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
_______ solution pulls water out of cells and causes them to shrink. -
ANSWER Hypertonic
________ has a lower concentration and is thus more dilute than body fluids.
- ANSWER Hypotonic
This type of transport requires energy to take place? - ANSWER Active
Transport
When at rest where is NA+ located in relation to the cell? - ANSWER Outside
/ Extracellular fluid
When at rest where is K+ located in relation to the cell? - ANSWER Inside /
Intracellular Fluid
What is happening during Depolarization? - ANSWER NA+ is moving into
the cell and K+ is moving out of the cell.
What happens during Repolarization? - ANSWER NA+ gate closes and NA+
K+ pump takes over
The most basic precursor cell. - ANSWER Founder Cells
What type of necrosis resembles clumped cheese? - ANSWER Caseous
necrosis
________ is cell death that involves orderly dismantling of cell components
and packaging the remains in vesicles. - ANSWER Apoptosis
_______ is when blood settles in the body after death. - ANSWER Livor
mortis
______ is when myosin detaches from actin because there is not ATP
available and the muscles stiffen. - ANSWER Rigor mortis
The postmortem reduction of body temperature. - ANSWER Algor mortis
,How does Hypernatremia effect ICF and ECF? - ANSWER It causes water
to move from the ICF to the ECF
What two elements are mainly found in the bones? - ANSWER calcium and
phosphate
H+ _____ in number, pH is ______ (acidic) - ANSWER high / low
H+ ______ in number, pH is ______ (Alkaline) - ANSWER Low / High
What is the body's normal pH? - ANSWER 7.35-7.45
Elevation of pCO2 due to ventilation depression - ANSWER Respiratory
Acidosis
Depression of pCO2 due to alveolar hyperventilation - ANSWER Respiratory
Alkalosis
Depression of HCO3- or an increase in noncarbonic acids - ANSWER
Metabolic Acidosis
Elevation of HCO3- usually due to an excessive loss of metabolic acids -
ANSWER Metabolic Alkalosis
The actual values for bicarbonate to carbonic acid ratio are not normal but
the normal ratio is achieved.
20:1 ratio - ANSWER Compensation
Ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis are associated with a ______ anion gap. -
ANSWER Elevated
Diarrhea and renal failure are associated with a _______ anion gap. -
ANSWER Normal
_____ has the same osmolality as normal body fluids - ANSWER Isotonic
The main difference between cells that divide rapidly and cells those that
divide slowly is? - ANSWER the amount of time is spends in G1 Phase
The medium in which a solute is dissolved is? - ANSWER Solvent
, A substance that binds to a receptor is? - ANSWER Ligand
What is the unfolding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle to enter into
the cell? - ANSWER Endocytosis
A decrease or shrinkage in cellular size - ANSWER Atrophy
A increase in the size of a cell and organ - ANSWER Hypertrophy
Increase in the number of cells related to cellular division - ANSWER
Hyperplasia
Cell death caused by _____ results in inflammation. - ANSWER Necrosis
Death of the entire person is called________ death - ANSWER Somatic
Nuclear dissolution and lysis of chromatin - ANSWER Karyolysis
what are the cardinal signs of inflammation - ANSWER heat, pain, redness,
and swelling
_________ may activate the complement system - ANSWER Proenzymes
_________ may activate the classic complement system - ANSWER
Antigen-antibody complex
central to inflammation, big in allergic response - ANSWER Mast cells
Which condition is caused by excessive and abnormal bone resorption and
formation? -ANSWER Paget's Disease
The outer connective tissue layer is called the: -ANSWER Periosteum
Pagetic bone has: -ANSWER High spongy to compact bone ratio
C) Cortisol medication - ANSWER Which one of the following is a common
cause of hypercortisolism?
A) Low ACTH levels
B) Injury to the kidneys
C) Cortisol medication
