DXI 1 - Exam 1 Cervical Spine Anomalies
& Normal Variants Questions & Answers
* ______________ : a.k.a.: "______________ of ______________ "
Represents the most superior spinal blocked vertebra whereby the atlas is fused to the occiput.
This can occur as an isolated finding or as a component of a more complex syndrome. -
ANSWERS* Occipitalization: a.k.a.: "Assimilation of C-1"
Represents the most superior spinal blocked vertebra whereby the atlas is fused to the occiput.
This can occur as an isolated finding or as a component of a more complex syndrome.
Radiographically we will see a decreased or absence of space between the ______________
and the ______________ ______________ of ______________ ; On flexion and extension
views, evidence of normal motion will ______________ be apparent. -
ANSWERSRadiographically we will see a decreased or absence of space between the occiput
and the posterior arch of C-1; On flexion and extension views, evidence of normal motion will
not be apparent. ·
Laxity or absence of the ______________ ______________ may be associated and may be
evidenced by an abnormally large ______________ , indicating possible instability. Spinal cord
______________ may result. - ANSWERSLaxity or absence of the transverse ligament may be
associated and may be evidenced by an abnormally large ADI, indicating possible instability.
Spinal cord compression may result.
*Occipital Vertebra: Y&Rp 198
· Developmental anomalies of the spine occur with the greatest frequency at transitional areas
such
as the ______________ junction or ______________ . junction. They may occur as an isolated
defect or
in association with other spinal or soft tissue malformations.
,______________ range of motion at the atlanto-occipital location may or may ______________
occur; - ANSWERS*Occipital Vertebra: Y&Rp 198
· Developmental anomalies of the spine occur with the greatest frequency at transitional areas
such
as the atlanto-occipital junction or lumbosacral. junction. They may occur as an isolated defect
or
in association with other spinal or soft tissue malformations.
Decreased range of motion at the atlanto-occipital location may or may not occur;
______________ Process:
Extra bony process which extends downwards from the ______________ process of the occiput
to the TVP of ______________ . This may form an articulation or it may fuse. -
ANSWERSParacondylar Process:
Extra bony process which extends downwards from the jugular process of the occiput to the
TVP of C-1. This may form an articulation or it may fuse.
______________ Process:
Extra bony protuberance from the ______________ process of ______________ which extends
______________
toward the ______________ process of the skull base. It may form an articulation or fuse. -
ANSWERSEpitransverse Process:
Extra bony protuberance from the transverse process of C1 which extends upward
toward the jugular process of the skull base. It may form an articulation or fuse.
______________ Condyle:
Small bony ossicle near the anterior margin of the ______________ ______________ . May be
large
enough to articulate with the superior margin of the ______________ ______________ . -
ANSWERSThird Condyle:
, Small bony ossicle near the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. May be large
enough to articulate with the superior margin of the anterior tubercle.
* ______________ of the ______________ Arch of ______________ : Y &R p 202
Partial or complete absence of the posterior arch of C 1 can occur. The ossification extending
from
primary ossification centers in the ______________ ______________ in the arch should be
visible by the ______________ year and
complete fusion should occur by the ______________ years. - ANSWERS* Agenesis of the
Posterior Arch of Cl: Y &R p 202
Partial or complete absence of the posterior arch of C 1 can occur. The ossification extending
from
primary ossification centers in the lateral masses in the arch should be visible by the second
year and
complete fusion should occur by the 3-5th years.
Posterior arch defects may become symptomatic in association with other anomalies such as
______________ -______________
______________ . - ANSWERSPosterior arch defects may become symptomatic in association
with other anomalies such as Klippel-Feil
Syndrome.
Radiographically, an absence of the bony ______________ neural ______________ of
______________ . The spi,nous process of C2 may
· be exaggerated/enlarged ("______________ ") and there may be enlargement (compensatory
hypertrophy) of the ______________ arch of Cl as well. Absence or laxity of the
______________ ______________ may be
associated, therefore possibly unstable (Do Flex/Ext study). Megaspinous may be seen with
other
& Normal Variants Questions & Answers
* ______________ : a.k.a.: "______________ of ______________ "
Represents the most superior spinal blocked vertebra whereby the atlas is fused to the occiput.
This can occur as an isolated finding or as a component of a more complex syndrome. -
ANSWERS* Occipitalization: a.k.a.: "Assimilation of C-1"
Represents the most superior spinal blocked vertebra whereby the atlas is fused to the occiput.
This can occur as an isolated finding or as a component of a more complex syndrome.
Radiographically we will see a decreased or absence of space between the ______________
and the ______________ ______________ of ______________ ; On flexion and extension
views, evidence of normal motion will ______________ be apparent. -
ANSWERSRadiographically we will see a decreased or absence of space between the occiput
and the posterior arch of C-1; On flexion and extension views, evidence of normal motion will
not be apparent. ·
Laxity or absence of the ______________ ______________ may be associated and may be
evidenced by an abnormally large ______________ , indicating possible instability. Spinal cord
______________ may result. - ANSWERSLaxity or absence of the transverse ligament may be
associated and may be evidenced by an abnormally large ADI, indicating possible instability.
Spinal cord compression may result.
*Occipital Vertebra: Y&Rp 198
· Developmental anomalies of the spine occur with the greatest frequency at transitional areas
such
as the ______________ junction or ______________ . junction. They may occur as an isolated
defect or
in association with other spinal or soft tissue malformations.
,______________ range of motion at the atlanto-occipital location may or may ______________
occur; - ANSWERS*Occipital Vertebra: Y&Rp 198
· Developmental anomalies of the spine occur with the greatest frequency at transitional areas
such
as the atlanto-occipital junction or lumbosacral. junction. They may occur as an isolated defect
or
in association with other spinal or soft tissue malformations.
Decreased range of motion at the atlanto-occipital location may or may not occur;
______________ Process:
Extra bony process which extends downwards from the ______________ process of the occiput
to the TVP of ______________ . This may form an articulation or it may fuse. -
ANSWERSParacondylar Process:
Extra bony process which extends downwards from the jugular process of the occiput to the
TVP of C-1. This may form an articulation or it may fuse.
______________ Process:
Extra bony protuberance from the ______________ process of ______________ which extends
______________
toward the ______________ process of the skull base. It may form an articulation or fuse. -
ANSWERSEpitransverse Process:
Extra bony protuberance from the transverse process of C1 which extends upward
toward the jugular process of the skull base. It may form an articulation or fuse.
______________ Condyle:
Small bony ossicle near the anterior margin of the ______________ ______________ . May be
large
enough to articulate with the superior margin of the ______________ ______________ . -
ANSWERSThird Condyle:
, Small bony ossicle near the anterior margin of the foramen magnum. May be large
enough to articulate with the superior margin of the anterior tubercle.
* ______________ of the ______________ Arch of ______________ : Y &R p 202
Partial or complete absence of the posterior arch of C 1 can occur. The ossification extending
from
primary ossification centers in the ______________ ______________ in the arch should be
visible by the ______________ year and
complete fusion should occur by the ______________ years. - ANSWERS* Agenesis of the
Posterior Arch of Cl: Y &R p 202
Partial or complete absence of the posterior arch of C 1 can occur. The ossification extending
from
primary ossification centers in the lateral masses in the arch should be visible by the second
year and
complete fusion should occur by the 3-5th years.
Posterior arch defects may become symptomatic in association with other anomalies such as
______________ -______________
______________ . - ANSWERSPosterior arch defects may become symptomatic in association
with other anomalies such as Klippel-Feil
Syndrome.
Radiographically, an absence of the bony ______________ neural ______________ of
______________ . The spi,nous process of C2 may
· be exaggerated/enlarged ("______________ ") and there may be enlargement (compensatory
hypertrophy) of the ______________ arch of Cl as well. Absence or laxity of the
______________ ______________ may be
associated, therefore possibly unstable (Do Flex/Ext study). Megaspinous may be seen with
other
