MGMT 455 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS GRADED
A+ 2025/2026
✔✔US supreme court - ✔✔Appellate jurisdiction over cases that are appealed from the
federal courts of appeals as well as from state supreme courts when a constitutional
issue is involved or a state has reversed a federal court ruling
✔✔writ of certiorari - ✔✔the supreme court granting a right of review by the court of a
lower court decision
✔✔general trials court - ✔✔Called superior, circuit, district, or county courts
Hear both crime and civil
✔✔specialty courts - ✔✔Courts with limited jurisdiction
Ex. Juvenile courts, family, probate
✔✔City, municipal, and justice courts - ✔✔Lesser courts with limited jurisdiction in cities
and counties
Civil matters with amount below a certain level
✔✔small claims court - ✔✔Courts that resolve disputes between parties when those
disputes do not exceed a minimal level; no lawyers are permitted; the parties represent
themselves
✔✔State appellate courts - ✔✔Courts with appellate jurisdiction that review the
decisions of lower courts in that state
✔✔state supreme courts - ✔✔A decision is final except in those circumstances in which
a federal law or treaty of the Constitution is involved
✔✔plaintiff - ✔✔initiates the lawsuit
✔✔prosecutor - ✔✔party who originates a criminal proceeding
✔✔defendant - ✔✔party charged with a violation of civil or criminal law of proceeding
✔✔judge - ✔✔primary officer of the court
✔✔jury - ✔✔a body of citizens sworn by a court to determine by verdict the issues of
fact submitted to them
, ✔✔conflict of law - ✔✔Conflict laws is when a court applies the law of its own state or
some foreign law
✔✔How do they decide conflict of law? - ✔✔the court considers the place of
contracting, negotiating, and performing;
the location of the subject matter of the contract;
and the domicile (residence), states of incorporation, and principal place of business of
the parties
✔✔complaint - ✔✔the initial pleading filed by the plaintiff in many actions, which in
many states may be served as original process to acquire jurisdiction over the
defendant
✔✔process - ✔✔paperwork served personally on a defendant in a civil case
✔✔answer - ✔✔what a defendant must file to admit or deny facts asserted by the
plaintiff
✔✔motion to dismiss - ✔✔request to the court to dismiss the lawsuit on the grounds
that even if everything the plaintiff said in the complaint is true there is still no grounds of
recovery
✔✔counterclaim - ✔✔asking the court for damages as a result of the underlying dispute
✔✔pleadings - ✔✔all documents filed in this initial phase of the case, statement of the
case and the basis for recovery if all facts alleged can be proven
✔✔discovery - ✔✔procedures for ascertaining facts prior to the time of trial in order to
eliminate the element of surprise in litigation
✔✔deposition - ✔✔testimony of a witness taken under oath outside the courtroom
✔✔impeach - ✔✔using prior inconsistent evidence to challenge the credibility of a
witness
✔✔interrogatories - ✔✔written questions used as a discovery tool that must be
answered under oath
✔✔requests for production of documents - ✔✔discovery tool for uncovering paper
evidence in a case
A+ 2025/2026
✔✔US supreme court - ✔✔Appellate jurisdiction over cases that are appealed from the
federal courts of appeals as well as from state supreme courts when a constitutional
issue is involved or a state has reversed a federal court ruling
✔✔writ of certiorari - ✔✔the supreme court granting a right of review by the court of a
lower court decision
✔✔general trials court - ✔✔Called superior, circuit, district, or county courts
Hear both crime and civil
✔✔specialty courts - ✔✔Courts with limited jurisdiction
Ex. Juvenile courts, family, probate
✔✔City, municipal, and justice courts - ✔✔Lesser courts with limited jurisdiction in cities
and counties
Civil matters with amount below a certain level
✔✔small claims court - ✔✔Courts that resolve disputes between parties when those
disputes do not exceed a minimal level; no lawyers are permitted; the parties represent
themselves
✔✔State appellate courts - ✔✔Courts with appellate jurisdiction that review the
decisions of lower courts in that state
✔✔state supreme courts - ✔✔A decision is final except in those circumstances in which
a federal law or treaty of the Constitution is involved
✔✔plaintiff - ✔✔initiates the lawsuit
✔✔prosecutor - ✔✔party who originates a criminal proceeding
✔✔defendant - ✔✔party charged with a violation of civil or criminal law of proceeding
✔✔judge - ✔✔primary officer of the court
✔✔jury - ✔✔a body of citizens sworn by a court to determine by verdict the issues of
fact submitted to them
, ✔✔conflict of law - ✔✔Conflict laws is when a court applies the law of its own state or
some foreign law
✔✔How do they decide conflict of law? - ✔✔the court considers the place of
contracting, negotiating, and performing;
the location of the subject matter of the contract;
and the domicile (residence), states of incorporation, and principal place of business of
the parties
✔✔complaint - ✔✔the initial pleading filed by the plaintiff in many actions, which in
many states may be served as original process to acquire jurisdiction over the
defendant
✔✔process - ✔✔paperwork served personally on a defendant in a civil case
✔✔answer - ✔✔what a defendant must file to admit or deny facts asserted by the
plaintiff
✔✔motion to dismiss - ✔✔request to the court to dismiss the lawsuit on the grounds
that even if everything the plaintiff said in the complaint is true there is still no grounds of
recovery
✔✔counterclaim - ✔✔asking the court for damages as a result of the underlying dispute
✔✔pleadings - ✔✔all documents filed in this initial phase of the case, statement of the
case and the basis for recovery if all facts alleged can be proven
✔✔discovery - ✔✔procedures for ascertaining facts prior to the time of trial in order to
eliminate the element of surprise in litigation
✔✔deposition - ✔✔testimony of a witness taken under oath outside the courtroom
✔✔impeach - ✔✔using prior inconsistent evidence to challenge the credibility of a
witness
✔✔interrogatories - ✔✔written questions used as a discovery tool that must be
answered under oath
✔✔requests for production of documents - ✔✔discovery tool for uncovering paper
evidence in a case
