Mammo Board Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions

Mammo Board Exam Questions And Answers With Complete Solutions The ACS does not recommend routine mammograms for women below the age of: Annual screening begins at age 40. Women younger than this who have mammograms either have symptoms that require imaging or have a strong family history of premenopausal first degree relatives. Your first mammogram is called a baseline exam; future exams will be compared to see if changes occur. T/F: Lymph node enlargement, nipple inversion, nipple discharge, skin thickening, and breast lumps are ALWAYS a sign of breast cancer. TRUE These may be clinical indications of advanced breast cancers; early cancers will not have any symptoms. Lymph node enlargement can be due to infections or burns on the hands or arms; due to lymphoma or TB; or aggressive breast cancers such as inflammatory. Nipple inversion is a common finding, especially as women age and the breast tissue involutes. Nipple discharge is usually (90%) caused by a papilloma, which is a benign overgrowth of the lining of the duct. We worry about spontaneous, unilateral, bloody/sanguenous in color. Skin thickening can be caused by congestive heart failure, radiation therapy, or a previous biopsy site. Lumps in the breast can be harmless cysts, fibroadenoma, lipoma, or can be a cancer. The only task NOT required of the RT is: a. Validation of the Doctor's requisition with the clinical history given by the patient. Diagnosing the patient's condition We do not make a diagnosis; we are to report the condition of the patient to the radiologist; symptoms, prior surgery, moles tattoos, etc. Which is NOT considered curative breast surgery? core sample biopsy Biopsy of a small sample of representative tissue yields a diagnosis by the pathologist. Lumpectomy is removal of the tumor with the margins free from tumor. Quadrectomy is removal of a quadrant of the breast. Modified radical mastectomy is surgical removal of the breast tissue; the underlying pectoral muscle is left intact. The reason(s) for performing BSE include: a. to compensate for the inaccuracy in mammograms (up to 20%) b. to detect cancers which are not, even in retrospect, visible on the mammogram c. to involve women who do not have mammograms (ALL OF THE ABOVE) BSE should be done monthly. Some women do not have mammograms; they will eventually feel a cancer. Some breast cancers, specifically lobular, will be felt long before they show up on a mammogram. BSE should be done in a random pattern using the fingertips. BSE is done with 3 finger pads of the three middle fingers. The three search patterns from which we choose are the wedge, vertical strip, and concentric circles. T/F: BSE should be performed monthly by all women beginning in their 20's. TRUE ACS guidelines recommended monthly BSE beginning at age 20. A professional clinical breast exam (CBE) every three years. At age 40 the frequency of CBE is yearly. It is necessary for the technologist to diagram which of the following: a. scars b. tattoos c. moles ( ALL OF THE ABOVE) Scars result in architectural distortion on the film. Over time most of the distortion resolves so little evidence of surgery remains. Tattoos ink can attenuate x-ray photons and show up as a faint pattern on the film. Dense moles will show up on a film, thin moles will not; when in doubt, mark a mole T/F: The physical boundaries of the breast include superior to the clavicle, medial to the sternum, inferior to the inframammary crease, and lateral to the midaxillary line. TRUE The margins of the breast extend farther than the mound of the breast. T/F: The base of the breast and the inframammary crease are one and the same. FALSE The base of the breast is the attachment to the chestwall structures: deep facial plane and the pectoral muscle. The inframammary crease is the inferior margin of the breast. It is located at the level of the 6th-7th rib. The tissue type that attenuates the x-ray beam the least is: Adipose tissue is easily penetrated by x-ray photons. X-rays pass through the tissue and strike the film emulsion and cause the silver halide crystals to 'clump'. These areas show up dark on the film. The tissue type that attenuates the x-ray beam the most is: fibro-glandular tissue Glandular tissue is firm, compact and too dense to allow the x-ray beam easy passage. Few x-ray photons pass through the breast so the silver halide crystals do not 'clump'; this they wash away during film processing and leave a white area on the film. 50% of all breast cancers occur in which quadrant? UOQ Breast cancer arises from the glandular tissue or ductal structures. Most women have residual tissue in their UOQ, while the rest of the glandular tissue involutes. Look for cancers in the "whitest and brightest" areas on the film Choose the correct equation: pixel size = FOV / matrix size