CDM 1 - Exam 1
acetaminophen brand - ANS -Tylenol
acetaminophen drug class - ANS -analgesic/antipyretic
acetaminophen indications - ANS -analgesia, fever
acetaminophen dose/route - ANS -IR: 325-650 mg PO/PR q4h
ER: 1000 mg PO q6-8h
acetaminophen MOA - ANS -- produces antipyresis at hypothalamus
- blocks peripheral impulse generation
- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
acetaminophen 3 adverse effects - ANS -- angioedema
- disorientation/dizziness
- pruritic, maculopapular rash
acetaminophen elimination - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine
acetaminophen is in what pregnancy category? what does this mean? - ANS -- category B
- no risk in animal studies, no human studies
avoid doses greater than _______ mg daily of acetaminophen - ANS -3250 mg
amlodipine brand - ANS -Norvasc
amlodipine drug class - ANS -antihypertensive
amlodipine indications - ANS -hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina
amlodipine dose/route - ANS -5 mg PO daily, may increase to q7-14 days *do not exceed 10
mg PO daily*
amlodipine MOA - ANS -- calcium channel blocker
- inhibits cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction
- dilation of main coronary and systemic arteries
3 adverse effects of amlodipine - ANS -- edema/pulmonary edema
- headache
,- fatigue
elimination of amlodipine - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine
what 5 drugs does amlodipine come in combination with? - ANS -- benazepril
- atorvastatin
- olmesartan
- telmisartan
- valsartan
amlodipine should be used with caution in patients with ______ - ANS -CHF
peripheral edema caused by amlodipine can take how long to develop? - ANS -2-3 weeks
amlodipine should be titrated slowly in patients with what? why? - ANS -severe hepatic
impairment due to extensive liver metabolism
aspirin brand name - ANS -Bayer aspirin
aspirin drug class - ANS -salicylate, antiplatelet
indications for aspirin - ANS -pain, fever, acute coronary syndrome
aspirin dose/route - ANS -325-650 mg PO/PR q4-6h PRN
ACS: 160-325 mg PO, chew nonenteric-coated tablet, 81-325 mg daily maintenance
aspirin MOA - ANS -- blocks COX inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins
- inhibits platelet aggregation
- antipyretic and analgesic
3 adverse effects of aspirin - ANS -- angioedema, urtucaria, rash
- bronchospasm
- CNS alteration
elimination of aspirin - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine, sweat, saliva and feces
8 contraindications of aspirin - ANS -- bleeding GI ulcers
- hemophilia
- hemorrhoids
- lactating mothers
- nasal polyps with asthma
- sarcoidosis
- thrombocytopenia
,- ulcerative colitis
avoid using aspirin in pediatric patients due to ________ - ANS -Reyes syndrome
aspirin may worsen CHF in patients due to what reason? - ANS -increased Na and H2O
retention due to prostaglandin inhibition
atorvastatin brand name - ANS -Lipitor
atorvastatin drug class - ANS -hypolipemic
atorvastatin indication - ANS -hyperlipidemia
atorvastatin dose/route - ANS -10-80 mg PO daily
atorvastatin MOA - ANS -inhibits rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting
HMG-CoA reductase
adverse effects of atorvastatin - ANS -- N/D/dyspepsia
- nasopharyngitis
- arthralgia
elimination of atorvastatin - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in bile
atorvastatin may cause elevation in ______ - ANS -LFTs
risk of _______ is increased with atorvastatin coadministration HIV protease inhibitors or azole
antifunglas - ANS -myopathy
glyburide brand - ANS -micronase
glyburide drug class - ANS -antidiabetic
glyburide indication - ANS -diabetes
glyburide dose/route - ANS -1.25-20 mg PO daily, max 20 mg daily
glyburide MOA - ANS -- sulfonylurea enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
- increase peripheral utilization of glucose
- suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis
- increase sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors
glyburide 3 adverse effects - ANS -- noctural enuresis
- hypoglycemia, nausea, myalgia, skin rash, heartburn
, - disulfiram reaction, hemolytic anemia
glyburide elimination - ANS -renal elimination 50%
glyburide symptoms of hypoglycemia may be masked by what drug class? - ANS -beta
blockers (except sweating)
patients on glyburide should monitor their glucose levels how many times per day? - ANS -2-4
what is the reason for the disulfiram reaction associated with glyburide? - ANS -alcohol
if A1c goals are not met with glyburide, what is often also added? - ANS -metformin
hydrochlorothiazide brand - ANS -hydrodiuril
hydrochlorothiazide drug class - ANS -diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide indications - ANS -hypertension, edema
hydrochlorothiazide dose/route - ANS -edema: 25-100 mg PO daily in single or divided doses
HTN: initial 12.5-25 mg PO daily
hydrochlorothiazide MOA - ANS -thiazide increases Na and Cl excretion by interfering with their
reabsorption in cortical diluting segment of nephron
hydrochlorothiazide 3 adverse effects - ANS -- hypotension, dizziness, headache
- constipation, nausea, impotence
- hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
hydrochlorothiazide elimination - ANS -eliminated 50-70% unchanged in urine
hydrochlorothiazide full hypotensive effect may require how much time to occur? - ANS -2-3
weeks
you should avoid what two things when taking hydrochlorothiazide? - ANS -alcohol and
NSAIDs
ibuprofen brand - ANS -Motrin
ibuprofen drug class - ANS -NSAID
ibuprofen indications - ANS -pain relief, fever, headache
ibuprofen dose/route - ANS -200-400 mg PO q4-6h PRN (max 1200 mg/day)
acetaminophen brand - ANS -Tylenol
acetaminophen drug class - ANS -analgesic/antipyretic
acetaminophen indications - ANS -analgesia, fever
acetaminophen dose/route - ANS -IR: 325-650 mg PO/PR q4h
ER: 1000 mg PO q6-8h
acetaminophen MOA - ANS -- produces antipyresis at hypothalamus
- blocks peripheral impulse generation
- inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in CNS
acetaminophen 3 adverse effects - ANS -- angioedema
- disorientation/dizziness
- pruritic, maculopapular rash
acetaminophen elimination - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine
acetaminophen is in what pregnancy category? what does this mean? - ANS -- category B
- no risk in animal studies, no human studies
avoid doses greater than _______ mg daily of acetaminophen - ANS -3250 mg
amlodipine brand - ANS -Norvasc
amlodipine drug class - ANS -antihypertensive
amlodipine indications - ANS -hypertension, coronary heart disease, angina
amlodipine dose/route - ANS -5 mg PO daily, may increase to q7-14 days *do not exceed 10
mg PO daily*
amlodipine MOA - ANS -- calcium channel blocker
- inhibits cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction
- dilation of main coronary and systemic arteries
3 adverse effects of amlodipine - ANS -- edema/pulmonary edema
- headache
,- fatigue
elimination of amlodipine - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine
what 5 drugs does amlodipine come in combination with? - ANS -- benazepril
- atorvastatin
- olmesartan
- telmisartan
- valsartan
amlodipine should be used with caution in patients with ______ - ANS -CHF
peripheral edema caused by amlodipine can take how long to develop? - ANS -2-3 weeks
amlodipine should be titrated slowly in patients with what? why? - ANS -severe hepatic
impairment due to extensive liver metabolism
aspirin brand name - ANS -Bayer aspirin
aspirin drug class - ANS -salicylate, antiplatelet
indications for aspirin - ANS -pain, fever, acute coronary syndrome
aspirin dose/route - ANS -325-650 mg PO/PR q4-6h PRN
ACS: 160-325 mg PO, chew nonenteric-coated tablet, 81-325 mg daily maintenance
aspirin MOA - ANS -- blocks COX inhibits synthesis of prostaglandins
- inhibits platelet aggregation
- antipyretic and analgesic
3 adverse effects of aspirin - ANS -- angioedema, urtucaria, rash
- bronchospasm
- CNS alteration
elimination of aspirin - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in urine, sweat, saliva and feces
8 contraindications of aspirin - ANS -- bleeding GI ulcers
- hemophilia
- hemorrhoids
- lactating mothers
- nasal polyps with asthma
- sarcoidosis
- thrombocytopenia
,- ulcerative colitis
avoid using aspirin in pediatric patients due to ________ - ANS -Reyes syndrome
aspirin may worsen CHF in patients due to what reason? - ANS -increased Na and H2O
retention due to prostaglandin inhibition
atorvastatin brand name - ANS -Lipitor
atorvastatin drug class - ANS -hypolipemic
atorvastatin indication - ANS -hyperlipidemia
atorvastatin dose/route - ANS -10-80 mg PO daily
atorvastatin MOA - ANS -inhibits rate-limiting step in cholesterol biosynthesis by inhibiting
HMG-CoA reductase
adverse effects of atorvastatin - ANS -- N/D/dyspepsia
- nasopharyngitis
- arthralgia
elimination of atorvastatin - ANS -hepatic metabolism, excreted in bile
atorvastatin may cause elevation in ______ - ANS -LFTs
risk of _______ is increased with atorvastatin coadministration HIV protease inhibitors or azole
antifunglas - ANS -myopathy
glyburide brand - ANS -micronase
glyburide drug class - ANS -antidiabetic
glyburide indication - ANS -diabetes
glyburide dose/route - ANS -1.25-20 mg PO daily, max 20 mg daily
glyburide MOA - ANS -- sulfonylurea enhance insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells
- increase peripheral utilization of glucose
- suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis
- increase sensitivity and/or number of peripheral insulin receptors
glyburide 3 adverse effects - ANS -- noctural enuresis
- hypoglycemia, nausea, myalgia, skin rash, heartburn
, - disulfiram reaction, hemolytic anemia
glyburide elimination - ANS -renal elimination 50%
glyburide symptoms of hypoglycemia may be masked by what drug class? - ANS -beta
blockers (except sweating)
patients on glyburide should monitor their glucose levels how many times per day? - ANS -2-4
what is the reason for the disulfiram reaction associated with glyburide? - ANS -alcohol
if A1c goals are not met with glyburide, what is often also added? - ANS -metformin
hydrochlorothiazide brand - ANS -hydrodiuril
hydrochlorothiazide drug class - ANS -diuretic
hydrochlorothiazide indications - ANS -hypertension, edema
hydrochlorothiazide dose/route - ANS -edema: 25-100 mg PO daily in single or divided doses
HTN: initial 12.5-25 mg PO daily
hydrochlorothiazide MOA - ANS -thiazide increases Na and Cl excretion by interfering with their
reabsorption in cortical diluting segment of nephron
hydrochlorothiazide 3 adverse effects - ANS -- hypotension, dizziness, headache
- constipation, nausea, impotence
- hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia
hydrochlorothiazide elimination - ANS -eliminated 50-70% unchanged in urine
hydrochlorothiazide full hypotensive effect may require how much time to occur? - ANS -2-3
weeks
you should avoid what two things when taking hydrochlorothiazide? - ANS -alcohol and
NSAIDs
ibuprofen brand - ANS -Motrin
ibuprofen drug class - ANS -NSAID
ibuprofen indications - ANS -pain relief, fever, headache
ibuprofen dose/route - ANS -200-400 mg PO q4-6h PRN (max 1200 mg/day)
