Gero: Toward healthy aging chapter 11

presbyopia - ANSWERSdecreased near vision. is a common change of aging Extraocular Changes - ANSWERS-Eyelids lose elasticity contributing to drooping -entropin -ectropion -xerophthalmia Ocular Changes - ANSWERSCornea becomes flatter, less smooth, thicker, and loses luster Astigmatism glaucoma Iris is slower to respond to changes from light to dark Glare decreased ability to accommodate Development of cataracts due to UV exposure Intraocular Changes - ANSWERSDeterioration of vitreous humor may lead to development of "floaters Retinal changes affect color- red, orange yellow seen easiest Drusen spots may appear on the macula Visual Impairment - ANSWERSBlindness and visual impairment are major causes of disability in older adults Consequences of Visual Impairment - ANSWERScognitive and functional decline, decreased quality of life, and depression. risk for injury and falls Snowball" effect, impacting other people Glaucoma - ANSWERSbuildup of pressure inside your eye. Primary open angle glaucoma is most common and is the second leading cause of legal blindness in the United States Glaucoma (acute angle closure) - ANSWERSEmergency Angle of iris obstructs flow of aqueous humor Screening: annual eye examination with dilation Treatment: oral or topical eye drops to decrease intraorifice pressure (IOP): (beta-blockers first line of therapy), Trabeculoplasty: Drainage system of the eye filtration surgery: Tiny drainage hole in the sclera Cataracts - ANSWERSclouding of the lens lose transparency and scatter light caused by oxidative damage appearance of halos surgery Education regarding vision and adaptation to light changes Post-surgery avoid heavy lifting, straining, bending at the waist Fall prevention Diabetic Retinopathy - ANSWERSFour stages: Mild nonproliferative retinopathy Moderate nonproliferative retinopathy Severe nonproliferative retinopathy Proliferative retinopathy: New but weak blood vessels begin to form on the retina to help restore blood supply. caused by damage to the blood vessels in the tissue at the back of the eye (retina). Poorly controlled blood sugar is a risk factor. Early symptoms include floaters, blurriness, dark areas of vision, and difficulty perceiving colors. Blindness can occur. treatment for Retinopathy - ANSWERSEarly detection is essential Annual fundoscopic dilated eye examination Maintain strict control of blood sugar, cholesterol, and blood pressure Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) - ANSWERS- Thickening of the center of the retina - Most common cause of visual loss due to diabetes and leading cause of legal blindness - Retinal vessels become leaky and fluid accumulates within the macula cortisone drugs and laser therapy Age-Related Macular Degeneration - ANSWERSProgressive loss of central vision, blurred vision Need more light when reading Wet ARMD - ANSWERSAffects central vision neovascular: Abnormal blood vessels grow under the macula, causing its displacement Amsler grid to determine clarity of vision helps identify central vision problems Treatment: photodynamic therapy, laser photocoagulation, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy Detached Retina - ANSWERSEmergency medical treatment required to save vision. Actual areas of the retina are torn that lead to retinal detachment Surgery Dry Eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca) - ANSWERSA common complaint rather than a disease Tear production diminishes with age - More common in postmenopausal women - Can be related to medications, Sjogren's syndrome - Use artificial tears, consider Vitamin A deficiency Signs and Behaviors That May Indicate Vision Problems - ANSWERSPain in eyes, Difficulty seeing in the dark, Double vision/distorted vision, Migraine headaches with blurred vision, Flashes of light, Halos surrounding lights, Difficulty driving at night, Falls or injuries interventions - ANSWERSOne-third of vision problems in LTC setting are reversible ow-vision assistive devices severe visual impairment may qualify for disability, financial, and social service assistance Which of the following is considered an eye emergency a.Cataract b.Acute angle closure glaucoma c.Age-related macular degeneration (wet) d.DME - ANSWERSB One of the most common visual changes associated with aging is: ar degeneration. yopia. oma. act. - ANSWERSB