Chemistry class 12th Solubility of solid in liquid

Solubility of Solid in a Liquid




Solubility of a solid in a liquid refers to the maximum amount of a solid that can dissolve in a given

amount of liquid solvent at a specific temperature and pressure, forming a homogeneous solution.



1. Definition

- It is expressed in g/100 mL, mol/L, or ppm.



2. Factors Affecting Solubility of a Solid in a Liquid

a. Nature of the Solute and Solvent

- Polar solutes dissolve in polar solvents (e.g., salt in water).

- Non-polar solutes dissolve in non-polar solvents (e.g., wax in benzene).



b. Temperature

- Generally, increasing temperature increases solubility of solids (e.g., sugar in hot water).

- Some exceptions exist, like calcium sulfate.



c. Stirring

- Increases the rate of dissolution but does not change solubility.



d. Particle Size

- Smaller particles dissolve faster due to increased surface area.



e. Pressure

- Unlike gases, pressure has little effect on solid solubility.