Chapter 9
1. The research design for a quantitative study involves decisions with regard to which of
the following? Select all that apply.
A) Which conceptual framework to use
B) Whether there will be an intervention
C) What types of comparisons will be made
D) How many times data will be collected
2. Which of the following are key criteria for making causal inferences about the
relationship between two variables? Select all that apply.
A) Lack of temporal ambiguity about which variable occurred first
m
B) Statistical confirmation that a relationship between the two exists
C) The ability to randomly assign study participants to groups
co
D) The ability to rule out other factors as potential causes of the outcome
.
ep
3. An important function of a rigorous research design in a quantitative study is to have
control over which of the following?
pr
A) Outcome variables
B) Mediating variables
C) Carryover variables
D) Confounding variables
st
te
ng
4. A true experiment requires which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Control
si
B) Intervention
ur
C) Blinding
D) Randomization
yn
.m
5. The use of a random numbers table for assigning subjects to groups eliminates which of
the following?
w
A) Selection threat
B) Intervention fidelity
w
C) Attrition
w
D) Carryover effects
6. Which of the following is invariably present in quasi-experimental research?
A) A control group
B) An intervention
C) Matching of subjects
D) Randomization
Page 1
, 7. A one-group pretest-posttest design is an example of which of the following?
A) A crossover design
B) A true experimental design
C) A quasi-experimental design
D) A retrospective design
8. A pretest is to a posttest as which of the following?
A) The placebo effect is to the Hawthorne effect
B) A baseline measure is to a final outcome measure
C) Blinding is to matching
m
D) Attrition is to a mortality threat
co
9. One weakness associated with cause-probing correlational research is which of the
.
following?
ep
A) Artificiality of the settings in which it occurs
B) Difficulty in linking the research to a theoretical framework
pr
C) Problem of self-selection into groups
D) Inability to generalize the findings beyond the sample
st
te
10. Which of the following research designs is weakest in terms of the researcher's ability to
ng
establish causality?
A) Experimental
B) Retrospective case-control
si
C) Prospective cohort
ur
D) Quasi-experimental
yn
11. If a researcher wanted to describe the relationship between women's age and frequency
.m
of performing breast self-examination, the study would be classified as which of the
following?
w
A) Descriptive correlational
B) Quasi-experimental
w
C) Longitudinal
w
D) Experimental
12. Studies that collect data at one point in time are called which of the following?
A) Time series
B) Cross-sectional studies
C) Longitudinal studies
D) Crossover studies
Page 2
1. The research design for a quantitative study involves decisions with regard to which of
the following? Select all that apply.
A) Which conceptual framework to use
B) Whether there will be an intervention
C) What types of comparisons will be made
D) How many times data will be collected
2. Which of the following are key criteria for making causal inferences about the
relationship between two variables? Select all that apply.
A) Lack of temporal ambiguity about which variable occurred first
m
B) Statistical confirmation that a relationship between the two exists
C) The ability to randomly assign study participants to groups
co
D) The ability to rule out other factors as potential causes of the outcome
.
ep
3. An important function of a rigorous research design in a quantitative study is to have
control over which of the following?
pr
A) Outcome variables
B) Mediating variables
C) Carryover variables
D) Confounding variables
st
te
ng
4. A true experiment requires which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Control
si
B) Intervention
ur
C) Blinding
D) Randomization
yn
.m
5. The use of a random numbers table for assigning subjects to groups eliminates which of
the following?
w
A) Selection threat
B) Intervention fidelity
w
C) Attrition
w
D) Carryover effects
6. Which of the following is invariably present in quasi-experimental research?
A) A control group
B) An intervention
C) Matching of subjects
D) Randomization
Page 1
, 7. A one-group pretest-posttest design is an example of which of the following?
A) A crossover design
B) A true experimental design
C) A quasi-experimental design
D) A retrospective design
8. A pretest is to a posttest as which of the following?
A) The placebo effect is to the Hawthorne effect
B) A baseline measure is to a final outcome measure
C) Blinding is to matching
m
D) Attrition is to a mortality threat
co
9. One weakness associated with cause-probing correlational research is which of the
.
following?
ep
A) Artificiality of the settings in which it occurs
B) Difficulty in linking the research to a theoretical framework
pr
C) Problem of self-selection into groups
D) Inability to generalize the findings beyond the sample
st
te
10. Which of the following research designs is weakest in terms of the researcher's ability to
ng
establish causality?
A) Experimental
B) Retrospective case-control
si
C) Prospective cohort
ur
D) Quasi-experimental
yn
11. If a researcher wanted to describe the relationship between women's age and frequency
.m
of performing breast self-examination, the study would be classified as which of the
following?
w
A) Descriptive correlational
B) Quasi-experimental
w
C) Longitudinal
w
D) Experimental
12. Studies that collect data at one point in time are called which of the following?
A) Time series
B) Cross-sectional studies
C) Longitudinal studies
D) Crossover studies
Page 2
