CSNN-Classes 1 & 2 Macronutrients
Where does Carbohydrate (CHO) originate from? - ANS -CHO is a product of plant
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis - occurs in plants. Roots pick up water from the ground. Leaves take Carbon
dioxide from the air. The two elements combined with sunlight emit oxygen. Man needs oxygen.
What is the Role of Carbohydrate (CHO) in the body? - ANS -CHO is the primary & preferred
source of energy used to carry out all body functions.
Man gives off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) Plants take up CO2; combine it with H2O &
sunlight
Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
Describe the carbohydrate cycle that exists between living things and plants? - ANS -1. Plants
produce oxygen & complex sugars & starches (02 & CnH2nOn
2. Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
3. Man gi vest off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O). Plants take up CO2: combine it with
H2O & sunlight.
What is the overall equation for the photosynthesis that occurs in plants? - ANS -6CO2 (Carbon
Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) --Light--> C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2 (oxygen)
What is the role of macronutrients in the diet? - ANS -
What is the role of vitamins in the diet? - ANS -
What is the role of minerals in the diet? - ANS -
What is the link between nutrition and preventative medicine? - ANS -
BE-Explain the importance of water. - ANS -
BE-Why is water an essential part of our basic needs? - ANS -
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate nutrition. -
ANS -
BE-Explain the role macronutrients (carbohydrate, proteins, lipids "fats and oils") have in the diet
and the relationship of quality, insufficiency and excess to your state of health. - ANS -
,BE-What are the major vitamins needed for health? - ANS -
BE-What are the major minerals needed for health? - ANS -
BE-Identify the major vitamins and minerals; list their sources, and important functions for
physical and mental health. - ANS -
BE-List and evaluate other nutritional/biochemical supplements that are in common use. - ANS
-
BE-Recognize various types of diets. - ANS -
BE-List some of the nutritional problems and diseases associated with the Standard American
Diet. - ANS -
BE-What dietary habits undermine our health? - ANS -
BE-What can a person do to overcome poor dietary habits? - ANS -
BE-Describe the three basic metabolic functions: building, cleansing, and maintenance. - ANS -
BE-Explain the importance of water and why it is an essential part of our basic needs. - ANS -
BE-Why has city tap water come to be considered a processed, unnatural substance? - ANS -
BE-Discuss the various sources of water available to us. - ANS -
BE-List the factors that may influence the amount of water we need individually. - ANS -
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate nutrition. -
ANS -
BE-Describe the functions of the digestive system organs. - ANS -
BE-List the enzyme secretions from the digestive system organs. - ANS -
BE-What effect do enzyme secretions have on the food entering the digestive system? - ANS -
What effect does the mouth have on food entering the digestive system? - ANS -The mouth
(including tongue & teeth) mechanically breaks down food into smaller particles (mastication)
Mixes food with saliva that contain digestive enzymes such as salivary amylase (which helps the
breakdown of carbohydrates).
,What are the 3 salivary glands that exist in the mouth? - ANS -The 3 pairs of exocrine salivary
glands in the mouth are : parotid, submandibular & sublingual glands.
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestion process? - ANS -The esophagus propels
food downward to the stomach through peristalsis.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion? - ANS -The pancreas secretes digestive
enzymes into the duodenum that break down all of the macronutrients (protein, fats and
carbohydrates). Produces and secretes the endocrine hormones insulin and glucagon.
What role does the liver play in digestion? - ANS -The liver:
1) Metabolizes and stores nutrients (e.g., glycogen, vitamins and minerals) absorbed from the
small intestine, delivered via the hepatic portal vein.
2) produces and secretes bile (an emulsifier).
3) Detoxifies and purifies the blood.
4) Maintains normal blood glucose levels.
5) Makes cholesterol & blood proteins (e.g., albumin and blood clotting factors).
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? - ANS -The gallbladder:
1) Concentrates and stores bile.
2) Releases bile into the duodenum to help breakdown fats into smaller globules.
What role does the stomach play in digestion? - ANS -The stomach:
1) Stores & breaks down food by churning & mixing it with gastric secretions such as HCL,
pepsins & intrinsic factor.
2) Releases the hormone gastrin which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete pepsinogens,
mucus & HCl.
4) Provides non-specific immunity against pathogens.
5) Absorbs alcohol & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) directly through its walls and into the circulatory
system.
What is the role of HCl acid in the stomach? - ANS -HCl converts pepsinogens into their active
form pepsins which denature proteins fro further digestion in the small intestine.
What are pepsinogens? - ANS -Pepsinogens are secreted by gastric glands and are
protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach.
What is the role of mucus in the stomach? - ANS -In the stomach, mucus protects the stomach
from acidity.
- ANS -
, What is function of the small intestine? - ANS -The small intestine, composed of the duodenum,
ileum & jejunum, secretes hormones to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juices, bile, and
intestinal enzymes.
What is the function of secretin in the duodenum? - ANS -Secretin in the duodenum stimulates
the secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile from the liver.
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the duodenum? - ANS -Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the
duodenum stimulates the release of digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and
amylase) from the pancreas and bile from the gall bladder.
What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptide in the duodenum? - ANS -Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) in the duodenum decreases the stomach churning which slows the emptying of
chyme from the stomach. It also induces insulin secretion.
*1WHATS the best approach to when looking at the practice of preventive medicine? - ANS
-The practice of preventive medicine should include both pharmaceutical and natural medicines,
providing crisis intervention, evaluation and teaching of illness through therapy and education.
*1WHY Study Nutrition? - ANS -Nutrition Studies are important because nutrition is a basic
component health. Poor nutrition can be a huge factor in disease. Nutrition is the basis for both
preventative & corrective medicine
*1WHAT are the prevalent diseases in our society that are diet related? - ANS -Diet related
disease in our society are: diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart disease, alzheimers, all auto
immune diseases, depression (B6).
*1How much training does the average doctor get in nutritional training? - ANS -The average
doctor gets about 40 hours of nutritional training in the basic food guide
*1Which main nutrients are likely to be less than even the RDA recommendations? - ANS
-Intake of nutrients like iron, vitamin B6 & folic acid in women / vitamin E & magnesium in men
may be far lower than the RDA for these nutrients
*1What should the practice of preventative medicine consist of? - ANS -It should consist of both
pharmaceutical & natural medicines. With services like crisis intervention, evaluation & the
treatment of illness through therapy & education to better that person's everyday life
*1Why is the average American diet - SAD diet: not nutritionally sound? - ANS -The SAD diet is
not sound because:
Contains an excess of meat, fats and sugar
Deficient in raw foods like veggies, fruit & sprouts.
Lacks enzymes as food is cooked, processed & refined.
Food has various additives, toxins, preservatives & hormones.
Where does Carbohydrate (CHO) originate from? - ANS -CHO is a product of plant
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis - occurs in plants. Roots pick up water from the ground. Leaves take Carbon
dioxide from the air. The two elements combined with sunlight emit oxygen. Man needs oxygen.
What is the Role of Carbohydrate (CHO) in the body? - ANS -CHO is the primary & preferred
source of energy used to carry out all body functions.
Man gives off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) Plants take up CO2; combine it with H2O &
sunlight
Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
Describe the carbohydrate cycle that exists between living things and plants? - ANS -1. Plants
produce oxygen & complex sugars & starches (02 & CnH2nOn
2. Man & animals eat plants & breathe oxygen
3. Man gi vest off carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O). Plants take up CO2: combine it with
H2O & sunlight.
What is the overall equation for the photosynthesis that occurs in plants? - ANS -6CO2 (Carbon
Dioxide) + 6H2O (Water) --Light--> C6H12O6 (sugar) + 6O2 (oxygen)
What is the role of macronutrients in the diet? - ANS -
What is the role of vitamins in the diet? - ANS -
What is the role of minerals in the diet? - ANS -
What is the link between nutrition and preventative medicine? - ANS -
BE-Explain the importance of water. - ANS -
BE-Why is water an essential part of our basic needs? - ANS -
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate nutrition. -
ANS -
BE-Explain the role macronutrients (carbohydrate, proteins, lipids "fats and oils") have in the diet
and the relationship of quality, insufficiency and excess to your state of health. - ANS -
,BE-What are the major vitamins needed for health? - ANS -
BE-What are the major minerals needed for health? - ANS -
BE-Identify the major vitamins and minerals; list their sources, and important functions for
physical and mental health. - ANS -
BE-List and evaluate other nutritional/biochemical supplements that are in common use. - ANS
-
BE-Recognize various types of diets. - ANS -
BE-List some of the nutritional problems and diseases associated with the Standard American
Diet. - ANS -
BE-What dietary habits undermine our health? - ANS -
BE-What can a person do to overcome poor dietary habits? - ANS -
BE-Describe the three basic metabolic functions: building, cleansing, and maintenance. - ANS -
BE-Explain the importance of water and why it is an essential part of our basic needs. - ANS -
BE-Why has city tap water come to be considered a processed, unnatural substance? - ANS -
BE-Discuss the various sources of water available to us. - ANS -
BE-List the factors that may influence the amount of water we need individually. - ANS -
BE-Explain how digestion, absorption, and the eliminative processes affect adequate nutrition. -
ANS -
BE-Describe the functions of the digestive system organs. - ANS -
BE-List the enzyme secretions from the digestive system organs. - ANS -
BE-What effect do enzyme secretions have on the food entering the digestive system? - ANS -
What effect does the mouth have on food entering the digestive system? - ANS -The mouth
(including tongue & teeth) mechanically breaks down food into smaller particles (mastication)
Mixes food with saliva that contain digestive enzymes such as salivary amylase (which helps the
breakdown of carbohydrates).
,What are the 3 salivary glands that exist in the mouth? - ANS -The 3 pairs of exocrine salivary
glands in the mouth are : parotid, submandibular & sublingual glands.
What is the role of the esophagus in the digestion process? - ANS -The esophagus propels
food downward to the stomach through peristalsis.
What role does the pancreas play in digestion? - ANS -The pancreas secretes digestive
enzymes into the duodenum that break down all of the macronutrients (protein, fats and
carbohydrates). Produces and secretes the endocrine hormones insulin and glucagon.
What role does the liver play in digestion? - ANS -The liver:
1) Metabolizes and stores nutrients (e.g., glycogen, vitamins and minerals) absorbed from the
small intestine, delivered via the hepatic portal vein.
2) produces and secretes bile (an emulsifier).
3) Detoxifies and purifies the blood.
4) Maintains normal blood glucose levels.
5) Makes cholesterol & blood proteins (e.g., albumin and blood clotting factors).
What role does the gallbladder play in digestion? - ANS -The gallbladder:
1) Concentrates and stores bile.
2) Releases bile into the duodenum to help breakdown fats into smaller globules.
What role does the stomach play in digestion? - ANS -The stomach:
1) Stores & breaks down food by churning & mixing it with gastric secretions such as HCL,
pepsins & intrinsic factor.
2) Releases the hormone gastrin which stimulates the gastric glands to secrete pepsinogens,
mucus & HCl.
4) Provides non-specific immunity against pathogens.
5) Absorbs alcohol & some drugs (e.g., aspirin) directly through its walls and into the circulatory
system.
What is the role of HCl acid in the stomach? - ANS -HCl converts pepsinogens into their active
form pepsins which denature proteins fro further digestion in the small intestine.
What are pepsinogens? - ANS -Pepsinogens are secreted by gastric glands and are
protein-digesting enzymes in the stomach.
What is the role of mucus in the stomach? - ANS -In the stomach, mucus protects the stomach
from acidity.
- ANS -
, What is function of the small intestine? - ANS -The small intestine, composed of the duodenum,
ileum & jejunum, secretes hormones to stimulate the secretion of pancreatic juices, bile, and
intestinal enzymes.
What is the function of secretin in the duodenum? - ANS -Secretin in the duodenum stimulates
the secretion of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas and bile from the liver.
What is the function of cholecystokinin in the duodenum? - ANS -Cholecystokinin (CCK) in the
duodenum stimulates the release of digestive enzymes (e.g., trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, and
amylase) from the pancreas and bile from the gall bladder.
What is the function of gastric inhibitory peptide in the duodenum? - ANS -Gastric inhibitory
peptide (GIP) in the duodenum decreases the stomach churning which slows the emptying of
chyme from the stomach. It also induces insulin secretion.
*1WHATS the best approach to when looking at the practice of preventive medicine? - ANS
-The practice of preventive medicine should include both pharmaceutical and natural medicines,
providing crisis intervention, evaluation and teaching of illness through therapy and education.
*1WHY Study Nutrition? - ANS -Nutrition Studies are important because nutrition is a basic
component health. Poor nutrition can be a huge factor in disease. Nutrition is the basis for both
preventative & corrective medicine
*1WHAT are the prevalent diseases in our society that are diet related? - ANS -Diet related
disease in our society are: diabetes, obesity, cancer and heart disease, alzheimers, all auto
immune diseases, depression (B6).
*1How much training does the average doctor get in nutritional training? - ANS -The average
doctor gets about 40 hours of nutritional training in the basic food guide
*1Which main nutrients are likely to be less than even the RDA recommendations? - ANS
-Intake of nutrients like iron, vitamin B6 & folic acid in women / vitamin E & magnesium in men
may be far lower than the RDA for these nutrients
*1What should the practice of preventative medicine consist of? - ANS -It should consist of both
pharmaceutical & natural medicines. With services like crisis intervention, evaluation & the
treatment of illness through therapy & education to better that person's everyday life
*1Why is the average American diet - SAD diet: not nutritionally sound? - ANS -The SAD diet is
not sound because:
Contains an excess of meat, fats and sugar
Deficient in raw foods like veggies, fruit & sprouts.
Lacks enzymes as food is cooked, processed & refined.
Food has various additives, toxins, preservatives & hormones.
