Test Bank For A Concise Introduction to Logic 14th Edition by Patrick J. Hurley Chapter 1-14

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TEST BANK
A Concise Introduction to Logic
14th Edition by Hurley Chapter 1 to 14




TEST BANK

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TABLE OF CONTENTS D3 D3 D3




Part I: INFORMAL LOGIC.
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1. Basic Concepts.
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Arguments, Premises, and Conclusions. Exercise. Recognizing Arguments. Exercise. Deduction and Induction. Exercise. Validity, Trut
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Soundness, Strength, Cogency. Exercise. Argument Forms: Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Extended Arguments. Exercise.
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2. Language: Meaning and Definition.
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Varieties of Meaning. Exercise. The Intension and Extension of Terms. Exercise. Definitions and Their Purposes. Exercise. Definition
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Techniques. Exercise. Criteria for Lexical Definitions. Exercise.
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3. Informal Fallacies.
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Fallacies in General. Exercise. Fallacies of Relevance. Exercise. Fallacies of Weak Induction. Exercise. Fallacies of Presumption, Ambig
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y, and Illicit Transference. Exercise. Fallacies in Ordinary Language. Exercise.
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Part II: FORMAL LOGIC.D3 D3 D3




4. Categorical Propositions.
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The Components of Categorical Propositions. Exercise. Quality, Quantity, and Distribution. Exercise. Venn Diagrams and the Modern
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uare of Opposition. Exercise. Conversion, Obversion, and Contraposition. Exercise. The Traditional Square of Opposition. Exercise. V
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n Diagrams and the Traditional Standpoint. Exercise. Translating Ordinary Language Statements into Categorical Form. Exercise.
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5. Categorical Syllogisms.
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Standard Form, Mood, and Figure. Exercise. Venn Diagrams. Exercise. Rules and Fallacies. Exercise. Reducing the Number of Terms.
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ercise. Ordinary Language Arguments. Exercise. Enthymemes. Exercise. Sorites. Exercise.
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6. Propositional Logic.
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Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Truth Functions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Propositions. Exercise. Truth Tables for Arguments.
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ercise. Indirect Truth Tables. Exercise. Argument Forms and Fallacies. Exercise.
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7. Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic.
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Rules of Implication I. Exercise. Rules of Implication II. Exercise. Rules of Replacement I. Exercise. Rules of Replacement II. Exercise.
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nditional Proof. Exercise. Indirect Proof. Exercise. Proving Logical Truths. Exercise.
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8. Predicate Logic.
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Symbols and Translation. Exercise. Using the Rules of Inference. Exercise. Quantifier Negation Rule. Exercise. Conditional and Indire
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Proof. Exercise. Proving Invalidity. Exercise. Relational Predicates and Overlapping Quantifiers. Exercise. Identity. Exercise.
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Part III: INDUCTIVE LOGIC.
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9. Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning.
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Analogical Reasoning. Legal Reasoning. Moral Reasoning. Exercise.
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10. Causality and Mill's Methods.
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,"Cause" and Necessary and Sufficient Conditions. Mill's Five Methods. Mill's Methods and Science. Exercise.
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11. Probability.
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Theories of Probability. The Probability Calculus. Exercise.
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12. Statistical Reasoning.
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Evaluating Statistics. Samples. The Meaning of "Average." Dispersion. Graphs and Pictograms. Percentages. Exercise.
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13. Hypothetical/Scientific Reasoning.
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The Hypothetical Method. Hypothetical Reasoning: Four Examples from Science. The Proof of Hypotheses. The Tentative Acceptanc
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Hypotheses. Exercise.
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14. Science and Superstition.
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Distinguishing Between Science and Superstition. Evidentiary Support. Objectivity. Integrity. Abusing Science. Exercise.
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Answers to Selected Exercises.
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, Chapter 1 Test AD3 D3 D3




MULTIPLE CHOICE D3




INSTRUCTIONS: The following selections relate to distinguishing arguments from nonarguments D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3




and identifying conclusions. Select the best answer for each.
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1.
D 3 There appears to be a growing happiness gap between men and women. Women today are working
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more and relaxing less, while men are working less and relaxing more. Forty years ago a typical
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woman spent 40 minutes more per week than the typical man performing an activity considered
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unpleasant. Today, with men working less, the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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a.
D Argument; conclusion: Today ... the gap is 90 minutes and growing.
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b. Nonargument.
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c.
D Argument; conclusion: Forty years ago ... an activity considered unpleasant.
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d. Argument; conclusion: There appears to be ... between men and women.
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e.
D Argument; conclusion: Women today are working more and relaxing less.
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ANS: D D 3
PTS: D 3 2

2.
D 3 Lead is toxic, but do you know why? Lead is toxic mainly because it preferentially replaces other
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metals in biochemical reactions. In so doing it interferes with the proteins that regulate blood pressure
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(which can cause development delays in children and high blood pressure in adults), heme production
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(which can lead to anemia), and sperm production. Lead also displaces calcium in the reactions that
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transmit electrical impulses in the brain, which diminishes the ability to think and recall information.
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Anne Marie Helmstine, "Your Guide to Chemistry" D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3




a.
D Argument; conclusion: It interferes with the proteins ... and sperm production.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Lead is toxic.
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c.
D Nonargument.
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d. Argument; conclusion: It preferentially replaces other metals in biochemical reactions.
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e.
D Argument; conclusion: Lead also displaces calcium ... recall information.
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ANS: C D 3 PTS: D 3 2

3.
D 3 Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself. He argued that it was virtuous to choose the
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proper amount of emotion and/or action called for in a particular situation and that extremes of
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emotion and action were vices. In all communities there are some men of practical wisdom who have
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the capacity to judge wisely. Aristotle argued that they have the capacity to follow the "right rule"
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whatever the situation. D3 D3




David Cooper, Value Pluralism and Ethical Choice D3 D3 D3 D3 D3 D3




a.
D Argument; conclusion: In all communities ... capacity to judge wisely.
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b. Argument; conclusion: Aristotle focused on clarifying the concept of virtue itself.
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c.
D Argument; conclusion: They have the capacity to follow ... the situation.
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d. Argument; conclusion: He argued that it was virtuous ... were vices
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e.
D Nonargument.
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ANS: E D 3 PTS: D 3 2

4.
D 3 Illegal immigrants pay local sales taxes, and many of them also pay state, local, and federal income tax
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and Social Security tax. They also purchase items from local merchants, increasing the amount these
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merchants pay in taxes. In addition, they work for low salaries, which increases the earnings of their
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employers and the amount of taxes these employers pay. Thus, it is not correct to say that illegal
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immigrants contribute nothing to the communities in which they live.
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a.
D Argument; conclusion: It is not correct to say ... communities in which they live.
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