INSIGHT PRACTICE TEST
Combinatorial explosion: - ANSWER - tic tac toe is small is small search
space
Newell and Simon's Heuristics - ANSWER biasing attention, not paying
attention to search space
Trial and error - ANSWER cant handle a large space space
▪Hill climbing - ANSWER some feedback of wehre ur going but only works
on even search space, but not its its rugged
Means-ends analysis - ANSWER recursive process of finding operator to
apply to goal, they programmed this in to GPS
No Free Lunch Theorem - ANSWER Roughly: if a heuristic improves
performance on one particular problem, it will perform worse on other problems
- Heuristic is a bias
- Need to switch b/w heuristic
- Trade off b/w generality and being good at a task
- Is you bias you attention toward one area, then it will fail u in some possible
situation
- Choose relavanat heuriitic for the situation your in: this seems to be human
livel problem solving
Insight - ANSWER ▪Sometimes, the hardest part of the problem is figuring out
how to formulate it
▪You must step back and apply problem solving to your process of problem
solving
- Don't know operators
- Apply problem solving to problem solving
- Apply new way to solve
NEWELL AND SIMON LEFT OUT INSIGHT! - ANSWER - Everything
picked out for them already
, 2 schools of thought
#1Search Inference : - ANSWER tries to defend simon
- Search space Is correct, pretty much the right picture
▪Insight is like any other problem solving, a search through a problem space
▪It is an action
#2 Gestalt : seeing the problem differently - ANSWER ▪Insight involves
perceptual restructuring
▪It is more like perception than action
More like skillfully seeing than doing
Gestalt psychology - ANSWER Germany early 20thcenttury
▪Way ahead of their time!
▪Focused on perceptual wholes, and perceptual restructuring
▪Not awesome experimentalists, not very rigorous theorists (informal, thatsnot
how things were at the time)
- Wholeness - ANSWER - Two integrated whole we can generate with the
lines on the slide
- Lots of what we do perceptually is to integrate then reintegrate same parts
- Receive data and integrating meaningful connected thing
What is an insight problem? - ANSWER ▪It is when people get fixated on one
problem formulation, and can't break out to see the correct formulation
- think you gestalted it, inappropriate problem formulation
- need to find different formulation
- ex. multiplication doesn't use insight
Defenders of the search inference framework - ANSWER : insight is just
another search to a spcace
- ppl who think gestalt is wrong
- give cues that break fixation
▪Gave people the 9 dot problem and told them to 'Think outside the box'
▪They found no facilitation: did not help ppl at all, no increase in ability to solve
it
- conc: gestalt is wrong
Combinatorial explosion: - ANSWER - tic tac toe is small is small search
space
Newell and Simon's Heuristics - ANSWER biasing attention, not paying
attention to search space
Trial and error - ANSWER cant handle a large space space
▪Hill climbing - ANSWER some feedback of wehre ur going but only works
on even search space, but not its its rugged
Means-ends analysis - ANSWER recursive process of finding operator to
apply to goal, they programmed this in to GPS
No Free Lunch Theorem - ANSWER Roughly: if a heuristic improves
performance on one particular problem, it will perform worse on other problems
- Heuristic is a bias
- Need to switch b/w heuristic
- Trade off b/w generality and being good at a task
- Is you bias you attention toward one area, then it will fail u in some possible
situation
- Choose relavanat heuriitic for the situation your in: this seems to be human
livel problem solving
Insight - ANSWER ▪Sometimes, the hardest part of the problem is figuring out
how to formulate it
▪You must step back and apply problem solving to your process of problem
solving
- Don't know operators
- Apply problem solving to problem solving
- Apply new way to solve
NEWELL AND SIMON LEFT OUT INSIGHT! - ANSWER - Everything
picked out for them already
, 2 schools of thought
#1Search Inference : - ANSWER tries to defend simon
- Search space Is correct, pretty much the right picture
▪Insight is like any other problem solving, a search through a problem space
▪It is an action
#2 Gestalt : seeing the problem differently - ANSWER ▪Insight involves
perceptual restructuring
▪It is more like perception than action
More like skillfully seeing than doing
Gestalt psychology - ANSWER Germany early 20thcenttury
▪Way ahead of their time!
▪Focused on perceptual wholes, and perceptual restructuring
▪Not awesome experimentalists, not very rigorous theorists (informal, thatsnot
how things were at the time)
- Wholeness - ANSWER - Two integrated whole we can generate with the
lines on the slide
- Lots of what we do perceptually is to integrate then reintegrate same parts
- Receive data and integrating meaningful connected thing
What is an insight problem? - ANSWER ▪It is when people get fixated on one
problem formulation, and can't break out to see the correct formulation
- think you gestalted it, inappropriate problem formulation
- need to find different formulation
- ex. multiplication doesn't use insight
Defenders of the search inference framework - ANSWER : insight is just
another search to a spcace
- ppl who think gestalt is wrong
- give cues that break fixation
▪Gave people the 9 dot problem and told them to 'Think outside the box'
▪They found no facilitation: did not help ppl at all, no increase in ability to solve
it
- conc: gestalt is wrong
