Pathophysiology Exam 4 - UTA
(Urban) Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ✔✔secreted to fix low fluid volume. Tells the kidneys
to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in conjunction
with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ✔✔produce release or store the 3 thyroid
hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - ✔✔
ADH Undersecretion - ✔✔DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid being lost. you
won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
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,Diabetes Insipidus - ✔✔Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - ✔✔Sick kidneys have a decreased response to
ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - ✔✔Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
Polyuria - ✔✔Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - ✔✔void huge amounts of dilute water Pulyuria - thirsty-
blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - ✔✔Oversecretion of ADH
What can trigger SIADH? - ✔✔Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - ✔✔body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
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,A person who is edemitous and has high preload - ✔✔SIADH - too much fluid retained,
fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - ✔✔ADH
Iodide - ✔✔T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the blood
T3 & T4 act - ✔✔metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - ✔✔drop in levels of thyroid
hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which increases its
secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance is restored
there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - ✔✔is the state of having excess T3 & T4 production and release
Graves Disease - ✔✔an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies attack/stimulate
TSH receptors on the thyroid.
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, the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - ✔✔In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - ✔✔PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable, tremors, insomnia,
emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to
increased heart workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much
thyroid hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
Exophthalmus - ✔✔bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue behind eyes
Goiter - ✔✔Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper and Hypo.
Goiter in Hyperthyroidism - ✔✔in hyperthyroidism the enlargement is a result of
overactive cells
Goiter in Hypothyroidism - ✔✔in hypothyroidism the enlargement is a result of
compensatory change
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(Urban) Questions and Answers 100%
Pass
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - ✔✔secreted to fix low fluid volume. Tells the kidneys
to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in conjunction
with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - ✔✔produce release or store the 3 thyroid
hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - ✔✔
ADH Undersecretion - ✔✔DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid being lost. you
won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Diabetes Insipidus - ✔✔Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - ✔✔Sick kidneys have a decreased response to
ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - ✔✔Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
Polyuria - ✔✔Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - ✔✔void huge amounts of dilute water Pulyuria - thirsty-
blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - ✔✔Oversecretion of ADH
What can trigger SIADH? - ✔✔Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - ✔✔body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,A person who is edemitous and has high preload - ✔✔SIADH - too much fluid retained,
fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - ✔✔ADH
Iodide - ✔✔T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the blood
T3 & T4 act - ✔✔metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - ✔✔drop in levels of thyroid
hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which increases its
secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance is restored
there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - ✔✔is the state of having excess T3 & T4 production and release
Graves Disease - ✔✔an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies attack/stimulate
TSH receptors on the thyroid.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - ✔✔In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - ✔✔PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable, tremors, insomnia,
emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to
increased heart workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much
thyroid hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
Exophthalmus - ✔✔bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue behind eyes
Goiter - ✔✔Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper and Hypo.
Goiter in Hyperthyroidism - ✔✔in hyperthyroidism the enlargement is a result of
overactive cells
Goiter in Hypothyroidism - ✔✔in hypothyroidism the enlargement is a result of
compensatory change
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