UTA - Biology 1441 - Exam One
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - ✔✔type of secondary protein structure formed by
folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the
structure
amino acid - ✔✔a protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an
amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached;
the R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - ✔✔secondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen
bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - ✔✔large molecule necessary for life that is built from
smaller organic molecules
Carbohydrate - ✔✔biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen
and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in
cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
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,Cellulose - ✔✔polysaccharide that comprises the plants' cell wall; provides structural
support to the cell
Chaperone - ✔✔(also, chaperonin) protein that helps nascent protein in the folding
process
Chitin - ✔✔type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all arthropods that
include crustaceans and insects; it also forms fungi cell wallsdehydration synthesis
(also, condensation) reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule
for each bond formed
Denaturation - ✔✔loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH,
or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔double-helical molecule that carries the cell's
hereditary information
Disaccharide - ✔✔two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links
Enzyme - ✔✔catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated
protein
Glycogen - ✔✔storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond - ✔✔bond formed by a dehydration reaction between two
monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule
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, Hormone - ✔✔chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or steroid, secreted by
endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes
Hydrolysis - ✔✔reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller
molecules by utilizing water
Lipid - ✔✔macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✔✔RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes
during protein synthesis
Monomer - ✔✔smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers
Monosaccharide - ✔✔single unit or monomer of carbohydratesnucleic acid biological
macromolecule that carries the cell's genetic blueprint and carries instructions for the
cell's functioning
Nucleotide - ✔✔monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more
phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
omega fat - ✔✔type of polyunsaturated fat that the body requires; numbering the
carbon omega starts from the methyl end or the end that is farthest from the carboxylic
end
peptide bond - ✔✔bond formed between two amino acids by a dehydration reaction
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
alpha-helix structure (α-helix) - ✔✔type of secondary protein structure formed by
folding the polypeptide into a helix shape with hydrogen bonds stabilizing the
structure
amino acid - ✔✔a protein's monomer; has a central carbon or alpha carbon to which an
amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen, and an R group or side chain is attached;
the R group is different for all 20 common amino acids
beta-pleated sheet (β-pleated) - ✔✔secondary structure in proteins in which hydrogen
bonding forms "pleats" between atoms on the polypeptide chain's backbone
biological macromolecule - ✔✔large molecule necessary for life that is built from
smaller organic molecules
Carbohydrate - ✔✔biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to hydrogen
and to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural support in
cells and form arthropods' cellular exoskeleton
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,Cellulose - ✔✔polysaccharide that comprises the plants' cell wall; provides structural
support to the cell
Chaperone - ✔✔(also, chaperonin) protein that helps nascent protein in the folding
process
Chitin - ✔✔type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of all arthropods that
include crustaceans and insects; it also forms fungi cell wallsdehydration synthesis
(also, condensation) reaction that links monomer molecules, releasing a water molecule
for each bond formed
Denaturation - ✔✔loss of shape in a protein as a result of changes in temperature, pH,
or chemical exposure
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) - ✔✔double-helical molecule that carries the cell's
hereditary information
Disaccharide - ✔✔two sugar monomers that a glycosidic bond links
Enzyme - ✔✔catalyst in a biochemical reaction that is usually a complex or conjugated
protein
Glycogen - ✔✔storage carbohydrate in animals
glycosidic bond - ✔✔bond formed by a dehydration reaction between two
monosaccharides with eliminating a water molecule
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, Hormone - ✔✔chemical signaling molecule, usually protein or steroid, secreted by
endocrine cells that act to control or regulate specific physiological processes
Hydrolysis - ✔✔reaction that causes breakdown of larger molecules into smaller
molecules by utilizing water
Lipid - ✔✔macromolecule that is nonpolar and insoluble in water
messenger RNA (mRNA) - ✔✔RNA that carries information from DNA to ribosomes
during protein synthesis
Monomer - ✔✔smallest unit of larger molecules that are polymers
Monosaccharide - ✔✔single unit or monomer of carbohydratesnucleic acid biological
macromolecule that carries the cell's genetic blueprint and carries instructions for the
cell's functioning
Nucleotide - ✔✔monomer of nucleic acids; contains a pentose sugar, one or more
phosphate groups, and a nitrogenous base
omega fat - ✔✔type of polyunsaturated fat that the body requires; numbering the
carbon omega starts from the methyl end or the end that is farthest from the carboxylic
end
peptide bond - ✔✔bond formed between two amino acids by a dehydration reaction
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