UTA Exam 3 A&P 1 – Frederick
Questions and Answers 100% Pass
(Ch 10)
Wave Summation - ✔✔Increasing Tension or summation of twitches - repeated
simulations before the end of relaxation phase
Incomplete Tetanus - ✔✔if stimulation continues, muscle never relaxes completely,
twitches reach maximum tension
Complete Tetanus - ✔✔if stimulation frequency is high enough the muscle never begins
o relax- in continuos contraction
Motor Unit - ✔✔all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
Recruitment(multiple motor unit summation) - ✔✔smooth, steady increase in muscle
tension produced by increasing active number of motor units
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,Isotonic Contraction - ✔✔skeletal muscle changes length, resulting in motion
Epimysium - ✔✔exterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle
from surrounding tissues
Plasticity - ✔✔the ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths
Twitch - ✔✔a single neural stimulation produces a single contraction
Fast Fiber Characteristics - ✔✔large diameter, large glycogen reserves and few
mitochondria
Which fibers are most resistant to fatigue? - ✔✔Slow
In the Cori Cycle what does the liver produce glucose from? - ✔✔Lactic Acid to pyruvic
acid to glucose to glycogen
What is the function of creatine phosphate? - ✔✔storage molecule for excess ATP
energy in resting muscle
Contraction Cycle - ✔✔1.Exposure of active sites
2.Formation of Cross-Bridges
3. Pivoting of myosin heads
4. Detachment of Cross-Bridges
5. Reactivation of myosin
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, Excitation-Contraction Coupling - ✔✔1. Release of CA2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. CA2+ trigger interactions between thick and thin filaments
3. Muscle fibers contract, consume ATP
4. Produces active tension
What is a triad composed of? - ✔✔Formed by 1 T tubule & 2 terminal cisternae
Neuromuscular Junction - ✔✔1. Neural stimulation of muscle
2. Release of acetylcholine
3. ACh binding at the motor end plate
4. Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma
5. Return to initial state
Advantage to having many nuclei in one muscle cell? - ✔✔The ability to produce large
amounts of the enzyme and structural protein needed for contraction
What triggers action potential in the muscle cell? - ✔✔an increase in Na+ in sarcolemma
travels along the T-tubules, leads to excitation-contraction coupling
What is the function of acetylcholine? - ✔✔it is a neurotransmitter that is often
associated with the activation of muscles but is also involved in the cholinergic system
which often results in inhibitory actions
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Questions and Answers 100% Pass
(Ch 10)
Wave Summation - ✔✔Increasing Tension or summation of twitches - repeated
simulations before the end of relaxation phase
Incomplete Tetanus - ✔✔if stimulation continues, muscle never relaxes completely,
twitches reach maximum tension
Complete Tetanus - ✔✔if stimulation frequency is high enough the muscle never begins
o relax- in continuos contraction
Motor Unit - ✔✔all the muscle fibers controlled by a single motor neuron
Recruitment(multiple motor unit summation) - ✔✔smooth, steady increase in muscle
tension produced by increasing active number of motor units
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Isotonic Contraction - ✔✔skeletal muscle changes length, resulting in motion
Epimysium - ✔✔exterior collagen layer, connected to deep fascia, separates muscle
from surrounding tissues
Plasticity - ✔✔the ability of smooth muscle to function over a wide range of lengths
Twitch - ✔✔a single neural stimulation produces a single contraction
Fast Fiber Characteristics - ✔✔large diameter, large glycogen reserves and few
mitochondria
Which fibers are most resistant to fatigue? - ✔✔Slow
In the Cori Cycle what does the liver produce glucose from? - ✔✔Lactic Acid to pyruvic
acid to glucose to glycogen
What is the function of creatine phosphate? - ✔✔storage molecule for excess ATP
energy in resting muscle
Contraction Cycle - ✔✔1.Exposure of active sites
2.Formation of Cross-Bridges
3. Pivoting of myosin heads
4. Detachment of Cross-Bridges
5. Reactivation of myosin
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, Excitation-Contraction Coupling - ✔✔1. Release of CA2+ from sarcoplasmic reticulum
2. CA2+ trigger interactions between thick and thin filaments
3. Muscle fibers contract, consume ATP
4. Produces active tension
What is a triad composed of? - ✔✔Formed by 1 T tubule & 2 terminal cisternae
Neuromuscular Junction - ✔✔1. Neural stimulation of muscle
2. Release of acetylcholine
3. ACh binding at the motor end plate
4. Appearance of an action potential in the sarcolemma
5. Return to initial state
Advantage to having many nuclei in one muscle cell? - ✔✔The ability to produce large
amounts of the enzyme and structural protein needed for contraction
What triggers action potential in the muscle cell? - ✔✔an increase in Na+ in sarcolemma
travels along the T-tubules, leads to excitation-contraction coupling
What is the function of acetylcholine? - ✔✔it is a neurotransmitter that is often
associated with the activation of muscles but is also involved in the cholinergic system
which often results in inhibitory actions
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