Physiology Practice Tests - Exam 1 Module 6

1. What are the types of cell signaling?
a. Gap junctions
b. Cell to cell binding
c. Communication through extracellular chemical messengers
2. Why are gap junctions used?
a. Speed
3. What Are features of extracellular messengers?
a. Most common
b. Include wide variety of responses
4. What are the general steps for extracellular messengers?
a. Binding of secreted messenger onto downstream cell receptor
b. Single transduction pathway
c. Cellular response
5. What are the three types of extracellular messengers?
a. Hormones
b. Neurotransmitters
c. Local mediators
6. What are hormones?
a. Extracellular messenger
b. Carried by blood to far target cells
c. Created by endocrine cells
7. What are neurotransmitters?
a. Extatcellualr messengers
b. Released by neurons into a synapse to reach nearby target cell
8. What are the other names for local mediators?
a. Local regulators
b. Local agents
9. What are the two types of local mediators and how do they work?
a. Paracrine - from cell to nearby cell
b. Autocrine - from cell back to itself
10. What are a few types of locals mediators?
a. Cytokines
b. Nitric oxide
c. Eicosanoids
11. What do cytokines do?
a. Aid in cellular growth and development
12. What does nitric oxide do?
a. Gaseous
b. Blood vessel dilation
13. What does eicosanoids do?
a. Released after mechanical or chemical stimuli (inflammation, platelet response,
etc)
b. Made by modified phospholipids
14. What are the three types of eicosanoids?