©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
Human Performance Limitations | ATPL (A)
Exam Questions And Answers |Latest 2025 |
Guaranteed Pass.
Flying in an unpressurised aircraft at a pressure altitude of 10000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate
to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude.. - Answer✔above
10000 ft.
Which of the following courses of action should be taken if gastrointestinal complaints in flight
crew occur before to take-off?
1. Take the standard medicines and advise the doctor on returning from the flight
2. Assess your own ability to fly, if necessary with the help of a doctor
3. If in doubt about fitness to fly - do not fly!
4. Reduce the cabin temperature, and drink before you are thirsty so as to avoid dehydration. -
Answer✔2,3
What are the effects of stress? - Answer✔It increases vigilance and may focus attention.
The acquisition of a skill comprises of which three stages (Anderson model)? -
Answer✔Cognitive, associative and automatic.
During a VFR flight, visibility deteriorates and the pilot, who doesnt hold an instrument rating,
encounters cloud conditions, despite the degrading meteorological conditions the pilot decides
not to divert but to continue the VFR flight, finally entering Instrumental Meteorological
Conditions, the pilot attempts to continue the planned route but after 5 minutes contacts ATC
for assistance. Which of the following are accetable explanation for why the pilot made
violation?
1. The pilot did not properly assess the risk of the spatial disorientation while entering into IMC.
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
2. The pilot made poor assesment of the environmental situation, and as a consequence the
pilot inadvertently entered IMC.
3. Once the conditions reached IMC, the pilot reviewed the options. There is time to re-
evaluate the situation in a degraded visual environmental before experiencing the spatial
disorientation.
4. The pilot failed to get an a - Answer✔1, 2 and 4
An aircraft is approaching over an upsloping terrain towards a flat runway. What illusion may
this cause? - Answer✔The pilot may think that he/she is too high and therefore, he/she will
increase the rate of descent, which will result in a shallow approach.
Which of the following are typical symptoms associated with gastroenteritis?
1. Vomiting
2. Low blood pH
3. Pain in the stomach
4. Diarrhea
5. Fever
6. Heartburn - Answer✔1, 3, 4.
When using night (scotopic) vision, can you expect to rely on the foveal area inside the eye? -
Answer✔No, because it contains only cones.
According to the TEM Mode, threats are grouped in two basic categories. One of these
categories refers to environmental threats and the other category refers to: -
Answer✔Organisational threats that occur due to the organisation in aviation structures.
Accommodation is the: - Answer✔ability of the eye to alter its focal length.
A TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) sounds on the flight deck. Which part of the inner ear carries
the sound of the alert to the flight crew? - Answer✔The fluid-filled cochlea.
In 1989, an Air Ontario aircraft crashed shortly after take-off from Dryden (Ontario, Canada)
Municipal Airport during heavy snow. One of the causal factors of the accident was the
reluctance of two cabin crew members to inform the flight crew about passenger concerns that
the wings needed to be de-iced.
This is an example of which type of external error generation factor? - Answer✔Social
environment
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
All human senses are prone to often competing sensory inputs that can create illusions and be
misleading in determining the pilot's spatial orientation. Is this statement correct or incorrect
and why? - Answer✔Correct, because we normally trust vision as our primary and most
accurate sense, even when other sensory inputs are conflicting.
From the following options, select an example of self-discipline of flight crew members which is
important to flight safety: - Answer✔Strictly adhering to standard operating procedures as a
means of greatly reducing the risk of committing an error or omission.
Which of the following factors contributes to a safety culture? - Answer✔The highest levels of
management making the necessary resources available.
A student pilot is planning his/her first VFR cross-country flight with full landings at different
aerodromes. The runway dimensions of the training base aerodrome are 980m x 30m, and the
runway dimensions of the first destination aerodrome are 2 420m x 45m.
What should the student pilot be aware of? - Answer✔When returning to the base aerodrome,
the runway would appear smaller than usual, and the student pilot could perform an approach
that is faster than normal and undershoot the runway.
What is correct regarding communication in the flight deck?
1. In high workload, visual effects from system messages may decrease the effectiveness of
personal communication.
2. In high workload, visual effects from system messages prevent interruption of the flow of
work. - Answer✔1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
Consider the training and assessment of pilots. Which of the following is one of the eight core
competencies? - Answer✔Situation awareness
What may be a symptom of human overload on a flight deck? - Answer✔Experiencing a sharp
degradation in manual flying performance.
If a person intends to combine alcohol and medication, what is the most important factor for
them to consider? - Answer✔Alcohol can intensify the side-effects of medication.
While taxiing from the taxiway to the apron in blowing snow and strong headwind, which of the
following situations is likely to occur? - Answer✔The pilot could over-estimate the aircraft's
groundspeed, this is a cognitive illusion, caused by perceived relative movement.
An experienced pilot is employed by an airline operator on a fixed-term contract as First officer.
The Operator will offer a permanent contract to only 1 pilot at the end of the year, so the First
Officer is really motivated to perform at his/her best.
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
The commander of the aircraft who flies with him/her should be aware that... - Answer✔Strong
motivation to achieve is a cognitive stressor, and it can negatively affect performance.
Decision-making can be influenced by the following factors:
1. people tend to conform to opinions expressed by a majority within the group they belong to
2. people always keep the future decisions in line with those their superiors have made in the
past
3. people more easily tend to select data which meet their expectations
4. people rarely base decisions on their personal preferences but rather on rational
information.
Which of the following lists all the correct answers ? - Answer✔1 and 3
In the Swiss Cheese model, what do holes represent? - Answer✔Errors in the system or
process.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
1. The retina has rods in its peripheral zone and cones in its central zone
2. The retina has cones and the crystalline lens has rods
3. The rods allow for night vision
4. The cones are located on the peripheral zone of the retina - Answer✔1 and 3
Symptoms and signs of alcoholism include - Answer✔an altered tolerance to alcohol, repeated
withdrawal symptoms, and conflict with the law.
A pilot has been diagnosed with hypertension. What should he/she avoid?
1. Obesity
2. Salt-rich diet
3. Lack of exercise
4. Periods of rest every day
5. High level of alcohol consumption
6. Smoking
7. Eating raw fruit - Answer✔1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.
4
Human Performance Limitations | ATPL (A)
Exam Questions And Answers |Latest 2025 |
Guaranteed Pass.
Flying in an unpressurised aircraft at a pressure altitude of 10000 ft, a pilot, being a moderate
to heavy smoker, has an oxygen content in the blood equal to an altitude.. - Answer✔above
10000 ft.
Which of the following courses of action should be taken if gastrointestinal complaints in flight
crew occur before to take-off?
1. Take the standard medicines and advise the doctor on returning from the flight
2. Assess your own ability to fly, if necessary with the help of a doctor
3. If in doubt about fitness to fly - do not fly!
4. Reduce the cabin temperature, and drink before you are thirsty so as to avoid dehydration. -
Answer✔2,3
What are the effects of stress? - Answer✔It increases vigilance and may focus attention.
The acquisition of a skill comprises of which three stages (Anderson model)? -
Answer✔Cognitive, associative and automatic.
During a VFR flight, visibility deteriorates and the pilot, who doesnt hold an instrument rating,
encounters cloud conditions, despite the degrading meteorological conditions the pilot decides
not to divert but to continue the VFR flight, finally entering Instrumental Meteorological
Conditions, the pilot attempts to continue the planned route but after 5 minutes contacts ATC
for assistance. Which of the following are accetable explanation for why the pilot made
violation?
1. The pilot did not properly assess the risk of the spatial disorientation while entering into IMC.
1
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
2. The pilot made poor assesment of the environmental situation, and as a consequence the
pilot inadvertently entered IMC.
3. Once the conditions reached IMC, the pilot reviewed the options. There is time to re-
evaluate the situation in a degraded visual environmental before experiencing the spatial
disorientation.
4. The pilot failed to get an a - Answer✔1, 2 and 4
An aircraft is approaching over an upsloping terrain towards a flat runway. What illusion may
this cause? - Answer✔The pilot may think that he/she is too high and therefore, he/she will
increase the rate of descent, which will result in a shallow approach.
Which of the following are typical symptoms associated with gastroenteritis?
1. Vomiting
2. Low blood pH
3. Pain in the stomach
4. Diarrhea
5. Fever
6. Heartburn - Answer✔1, 3, 4.
When using night (scotopic) vision, can you expect to rely on the foveal area inside the eye? -
Answer✔No, because it contains only cones.
According to the TEM Mode, threats are grouped in two basic categories. One of these
categories refers to environmental threats and the other category refers to: -
Answer✔Organisational threats that occur due to the organisation in aviation structures.
Accommodation is the: - Answer✔ability of the eye to alter its focal length.
A TCAS Resolution Advisory (RA) sounds on the flight deck. Which part of the inner ear carries
the sound of the alert to the flight crew? - Answer✔The fluid-filled cochlea.
In 1989, an Air Ontario aircraft crashed shortly after take-off from Dryden (Ontario, Canada)
Municipal Airport during heavy snow. One of the causal factors of the accident was the
reluctance of two cabin crew members to inform the flight crew about passenger concerns that
the wings needed to be de-iced.
This is an example of which type of external error generation factor? - Answer✔Social
environment
2
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
All human senses are prone to often competing sensory inputs that can create illusions and be
misleading in determining the pilot's spatial orientation. Is this statement correct or incorrect
and why? - Answer✔Correct, because we normally trust vision as our primary and most
accurate sense, even when other sensory inputs are conflicting.
From the following options, select an example of self-discipline of flight crew members which is
important to flight safety: - Answer✔Strictly adhering to standard operating procedures as a
means of greatly reducing the risk of committing an error or omission.
Which of the following factors contributes to a safety culture? - Answer✔The highest levels of
management making the necessary resources available.
A student pilot is planning his/her first VFR cross-country flight with full landings at different
aerodromes. The runway dimensions of the training base aerodrome are 980m x 30m, and the
runway dimensions of the first destination aerodrome are 2 420m x 45m.
What should the student pilot be aware of? - Answer✔When returning to the base aerodrome,
the runway would appear smaller than usual, and the student pilot could perform an approach
that is faster than normal and undershoot the runway.
What is correct regarding communication in the flight deck?
1. In high workload, visual effects from system messages may decrease the effectiveness of
personal communication.
2. In high workload, visual effects from system messages prevent interruption of the flow of
work. - Answer✔1 is correct, 2 is incorrect.
Consider the training and assessment of pilots. Which of the following is one of the eight core
competencies? - Answer✔Situation awareness
What may be a symptom of human overload on a flight deck? - Answer✔Experiencing a sharp
degradation in manual flying performance.
If a person intends to combine alcohol and medication, what is the most important factor for
them to consider? - Answer✔Alcohol can intensify the side-effects of medication.
While taxiing from the taxiway to the apron in blowing snow and strong headwind, which of the
following situations is likely to occur? - Answer✔The pilot could over-estimate the aircraft's
groundspeed, this is a cognitive illusion, caused by perceived relative movement.
An experienced pilot is employed by an airline operator on a fixed-term contract as First officer.
The Operator will offer a permanent contract to only 1 pilot at the end of the year, so the First
Officer is really motivated to perform at his/her best.
3
, ©FYNDLAY 2024/2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2:49PM A+
The commander of the aircraft who flies with him/her should be aware that... - Answer✔Strong
motivation to achieve is a cognitive stressor, and it can negatively affect performance.
Decision-making can be influenced by the following factors:
1. people tend to conform to opinions expressed by a majority within the group they belong to
2. people always keep the future decisions in line with those their superiors have made in the
past
3. people more easily tend to select data which meet their expectations
4. people rarely base decisions on their personal preferences but rather on rational
information.
Which of the following lists all the correct answers ? - Answer✔1 and 3
In the Swiss Cheese model, what do holes represent? - Answer✔Errors in the system or
process.
Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct ?
1. The retina has rods in its peripheral zone and cones in its central zone
2. The retina has cones and the crystalline lens has rods
3. The rods allow for night vision
4. The cones are located on the peripheral zone of the retina - Answer✔1 and 3
Symptoms and signs of alcoholism include - Answer✔an altered tolerance to alcohol, repeated
withdrawal symptoms, and conflict with the law.
A pilot has been diagnosed with hypertension. What should he/she avoid?
1. Obesity
2. Salt-rich diet
3. Lack of exercise
4. Periods of rest every day
5. High level of alcohol consumption
6. Smoking
7. Eating raw fruit - Answer✔1, 2, 3, 5 and 6.
4
