501 Exam 3 Questions and correct answers grade(A+).

501 Exam 3 Questions and correct answers
grade(A+)


A patient who was injured in a motor vehicle accident is taken via ambulance to the emergency depart
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ment. The nurse performing the physical assessment knows that, according to the general adaptation s
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yndrome, the patient should be expected to exhibit:
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a.increased blood flow to the intestines. gh gh gh gh gh




b. increased heart rate.
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c. decreased blood pressure.
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d. decreased blood glucose levels. - (correct answer) - B
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In the early part of the twentieth century, the fight-or-
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flight response was described. This arousal of the sympathetic nervous system prepares a person for a
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ction by increasing heart rate; diverting blood from the intestines to the brain and striated muscles; an
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d increasing blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood glucose levels.
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The nurse is administering flu vaccines. One of the children who is scheduled to receive the vaccine is
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afraid of needles and is tearful, and his younger brother is trying to calm him down. The nurse knows t
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hat the tearful child has evaluated this event as challenging and therefore is experiencing psychological
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stress caused by which of the following?
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a. Primary appraisal
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b. Coping gh




c. Secondary appraisal
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d. Dissociation - (correct answer) - A
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When a person encounters an event, there is an immediate process of primary appraisal or rating of th
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e event. If this appraisal results in the event being identified as a potential harm, loss, threat, or challe
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, nge, the person has stress. Coping refers to strategies or practices that help people deal with stress. Fo
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llowing the recognition of stress, secondary appraisal focuses on the resources or coping strategies tha
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t can meet the stress. Dissociation is experiencing a subjective sense of numbing and a reduced aware
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ness of ones surroundings.
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The nurse is assigned a patient who has experienced the alarm reaction and continues to recover. The
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nurse knows that the primary hormone impacting the stress response in the resistance stage of the ge
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neral adaptation syndrome is:
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a. vasopressin.
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b. adrenaline.
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c. noradrenaline.
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d. cortisol. - (correct answer) - D
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Corticotropin stimulates the adrenal gland to increase the production of corticosteroids, including corti
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sol, the primary hormone impacting the stress response. Cortisol increases blood glucose, enhances th
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e brains use of glucose, and increases the availability of substances for tissue repair. Vasopressin incre
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ases reabsorption of water by the kidneys and induces vasoconstriction, thereby raising blood pressure
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. The adrenal gland also releases catecholamines, adrenaline, and noradrenaline, which are important
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parts of the alarm reaction.
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The nursing student has severe test anxiety. When he receives a test in class, his heart rate increases,
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he feels more mentally alert, and his pupils dilate. According to the general adaptation theory, the nur
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sing student should identify this response as what stage of the body's reaction to stress?
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a. Alarm
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b. Resistance
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c. Adaptation
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d. Exhaustion - (correct answer) - A
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During the alarm reaction, rising hormone levels result in increased blood volume, blood glucose levels
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, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, heart rate, blood flow to muscles, oxygen intake, and mental
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alertness. In addition, the pupils of the eyes dilate to produce a greater visual field. During the resistan
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ce stage the body stabilizes and responds in an opposite manner to the alarm reaction. In the adaptati
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on stage, antiinflammatory adrenocortical hormones are released, and healing occurs. However, if the
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stressor remains and adaptation does not happen, the person enters the third stage, exhaustion. The e
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