Pharm Sci 310 - Exam 1 100%
Verified Answers 2025
Pharmacology - Answer - Scientific discipline that investigates the interactions between living organisms
and drugs
Pharmacokinetics - Answer - study of what living things do to drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Answer - Study of what drugs to do living things
Drugs - Answer - Chemical substances used in the treatment, cure, prevention or diagnosis of disease or
used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being; varies in complexity
Poisons - Answer - chemical substances that cause injury, illness or death in living organisms
Drugs become poisons when - Answer - Level of drug in body exceeds toxic threshold
Toxicology - Answer - sub-discipline of pharmacology that investigates the adverse effects of chemicals in
living organisms
Pre-Pharmacology Drugs - Answer - 1) Chinese Medicines (Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic, Ephedrine)
2) Peruvian Indians and Quinine
3)Eastern Medicine and Opium
Example of ineffective pre-pharmacology drug - Answer - Daffy's Elixer
Who is Francois Magendie - Answer - Rejected theory-only based explanations for drugs and their
actions (wanted empirical evidence, established experimental approaches to investigation of drugs
, Who is Claude Brenard - Answer - Founder of experimental medicine, CO poisoning experiments led to
the mechanism for action for investigating drugs in body, clear scientific method
What were Brenard's Thouhts on the Scientific Method - Answer - (1) Goal is to discover new facts and
formulate new theories to explain disease and the response to drugs and poisons
(2) theories should try to explain cause and effect relationships
(3) Observable reality is the only authority and theories must be reformulated if contradicted by
experimentally observed facts
NSAID - Answer - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ; anti-inflammatory effects , analgesic effect,
antipyretic effect
Clincal Pharmacology - Answer - Science of using drugs in humans
Requirements for Clinical Pharmacology - Answer - Subjects must provide informed consent to be part of
clinical research, seeks to understand if and how a drug should be used
Phase I Clinical Trials - Answer - first time a drug has been evaluated in human subjects ; evaluate safety
of drug and max dose that does not cause unacceptable side effects ; small group (10's); phase I trial may
also evaluate the interactions between the drug, food intake and metabolism
Phase II Clinical Trials - Answer - continue saftey testing provide first test of drug efficacy; intermediate
sized group (10-100's); drug efficacy judged in randomized and blinded trial which compares the drug to
a placebo or the current standard of care
Phase III Clinical Trials - Answer - designed to be a definitive test of drug efficiacy, large total patient
population (often 1000's) usually at multiple medical centers around county; provide the final required
tests needed in support of an applictaion for FDA approval of drug; involve the majority of total costs to
bring a new drug to market
Phase IV Clinical Trial - Answer - additional human trials for a drug that is already approved in the
marketplace, occurs for several reasons- additional evaluation of drug safety and side effects,
Verified Answers 2025
Pharmacology - Answer - Scientific discipline that investigates the interactions between living organisms
and drugs
Pharmacokinetics - Answer - study of what living things do to drugs
Pharmacodynamics - Answer - Study of what drugs to do living things
Drugs - Answer - Chemical substances used in the treatment, cure, prevention or diagnosis of disease or
used to otherwise enhance physical or mental well-being; varies in complexity
Poisons - Answer - chemical substances that cause injury, illness or death in living organisms
Drugs become poisons when - Answer - Level of drug in body exceeds toxic threshold
Toxicology - Answer - sub-discipline of pharmacology that investigates the adverse effects of chemicals in
living organisms
Pre-Pharmacology Drugs - Answer - 1) Chinese Medicines (Divine Farmer's Herb-Root Classic, Ephedrine)
2) Peruvian Indians and Quinine
3)Eastern Medicine and Opium
Example of ineffective pre-pharmacology drug - Answer - Daffy's Elixer
Who is Francois Magendie - Answer - Rejected theory-only based explanations for drugs and their
actions (wanted empirical evidence, established experimental approaches to investigation of drugs
, Who is Claude Brenard - Answer - Founder of experimental medicine, CO poisoning experiments led to
the mechanism for action for investigating drugs in body, clear scientific method
What were Brenard's Thouhts on the Scientific Method - Answer - (1) Goal is to discover new facts and
formulate new theories to explain disease and the response to drugs and poisons
(2) theories should try to explain cause and effect relationships
(3) Observable reality is the only authority and theories must be reformulated if contradicted by
experimentally observed facts
NSAID - Answer - Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ; anti-inflammatory effects , analgesic effect,
antipyretic effect
Clincal Pharmacology - Answer - Science of using drugs in humans
Requirements for Clinical Pharmacology - Answer - Subjects must provide informed consent to be part of
clinical research, seeks to understand if and how a drug should be used
Phase I Clinical Trials - Answer - first time a drug has been evaluated in human subjects ; evaluate safety
of drug and max dose that does not cause unacceptable side effects ; small group (10's); phase I trial may
also evaluate the interactions between the drug, food intake and metabolism
Phase II Clinical Trials - Answer - continue saftey testing provide first test of drug efficacy; intermediate
sized group (10-100's); drug efficacy judged in randomized and blinded trial which compares the drug to
a placebo or the current standard of care
Phase III Clinical Trials - Answer - designed to be a definitive test of drug efficiacy, large total patient
population (often 1000's) usually at multiple medical centers around county; provide the final required
tests needed in support of an applictaion for FDA approval of drug; involve the majority of total costs to
bring a new drug to market
Phase IV Clinical Trial - Answer - additional human trials for a drug that is already approved in the
marketplace, occurs for several reasons- additional evaluation of drug safety and side effects,
