NSC3375 Sleep Exam Baylor Questions With Complete
Solutions
Substances that may be potential Sleep Drivers->
Adenosine: by product of energy usage, increases with neural
activity and wakefulness. thought to be a substance that drives
sleep since it decreases significantly during sleep, and increases
with activity during wakefulness. acts on basal forebrain
neurons to promote sleep.
CSF experiment: cerebral spinal flood from sleep deprived
animal injected in other animal to induce sleep.
Other potentials for driving and regulatingNREM:
GHRH, TNF, IL1 which act on anterior hypothalamic neurones
to promote sleep
for driving and regulating REM sleep:
NO & VIP(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)
Brain Structures and Neural Pathways that drive sleep and
wakefulness respectfully->
drives wakefulness:
orexin neurones within lat. hypothalamus excite monoaminergic
and cholinergic systems (full of neurotransmitters like
histamine, noradrenaline and more that drive wakefulness) The
Monoaminergic neurones inhibit VLPO that is responsible for
sleep process, and drive consciousness into cerebral cortex.
drives sleep:
sleep drivers activate VLPO which release GABA and Galanin.
, These inhibit the orexin neurones and wakeful systems that are
excited by orexin.
REM Sleep-> cholinergic system stay activated and is not
inhibited
Flip-flop between sleep and wakefulness occurs every 70-90
mins
Ascending Arousal system
brain structures within brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and
basal forebrain that release neurotransmitters which drive
wakefulness.
Behavioral Criteria for defining sleep without EEG:
1. reversible state of immobility and greatly reduced sorry
responsiveness
2. increased arousal thresholds and decreased responsiveness to
external stimuli
3. species specific posture and place preference
4. sleep behavioral rituals
5. circadian regulation
5. sleep rebound: lost sleep associated with increased drive for
sleep
Gamma Waves
32-100Hz, REM sleep and cognitive awareness, high frequency,
low amplitude.
Solutions
Substances that may be potential Sleep Drivers->
Adenosine: by product of energy usage, increases with neural
activity and wakefulness. thought to be a substance that drives
sleep since it decreases significantly during sleep, and increases
with activity during wakefulness. acts on basal forebrain
neurons to promote sleep.
CSF experiment: cerebral spinal flood from sleep deprived
animal injected in other animal to induce sleep.
Other potentials for driving and regulatingNREM:
GHRH, TNF, IL1 which act on anterior hypothalamic neurones
to promote sleep
for driving and regulating REM sleep:
NO & VIP(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide)
Brain Structures and Neural Pathways that drive sleep and
wakefulness respectfully->
drives wakefulness:
orexin neurones within lat. hypothalamus excite monoaminergic
and cholinergic systems (full of neurotransmitters like
histamine, noradrenaline and more that drive wakefulness) The
Monoaminergic neurones inhibit VLPO that is responsible for
sleep process, and drive consciousness into cerebral cortex.
drives sleep:
sleep drivers activate VLPO which release GABA and Galanin.
, These inhibit the orexin neurones and wakeful systems that are
excited by orexin.
REM Sleep-> cholinergic system stay activated and is not
inhibited
Flip-flop between sleep and wakefulness occurs every 70-90
mins
Ascending Arousal system
brain structures within brainstem, thalamus, hypothalamus, and
basal forebrain that release neurotransmitters which drive
wakefulness.
Behavioral Criteria for defining sleep without EEG:
1. reversible state of immobility and greatly reduced sorry
responsiveness
2. increased arousal thresholds and decreased responsiveness to
external stimuli
3. species specific posture and place preference
4. sleep behavioral rituals
5. circadian regulation
5. sleep rebound: lost sleep associated with increased drive for
sleep
Gamma Waves
32-100Hz, REM sleep and cognitive awareness, high frequency,
low amplitude.
