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Samenvatting Filosofie [Durf te Denken!] H4 Wetenschapsfilosofie

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Durf te Denken tweede oplage 2016 Filosofie samenvatting 'wetenschapsfilosofie' Hoofdstuk 4

Institution
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H4
Uploaded on
June 8, 2020
Number of pages
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Written in
2019/2020
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Filosofie H4 Wetenschapsfilosofie Anna Verbeek klas 5


De wetenschapsfilosofie houdt zich bezig met de vraag: wat is wetenschap? Wanneer
kun je iets wetenschappelijk noemen of wanneer valt het onder pseudo-wetenschap?
De scheidslijn tussen goede en slechte wetenschap noem je demarcatiecriterium.




studieobject: voorbeeld:

natuurwetenschappen het universum, de levenloze natuurkunde, scheikunde,
natuur kosmologie,
geologie

levenswetenschappen levende wezens biologie, genetica,
ecologie, geneeskunde

menswetenschappen de menselijke mentale psychologie, sociologie,
vermogens en hun producten economie,
rechtsgeleerdheid,
geschiedenis

formele wetenschappen abstracte entiteiten (getallen, logica, wiskunde,
formele stellingen) statistiek


Reductie en unificatie
- Reductie: Verschijnselen op een hoger niveau verklaren door te verwijzen naar
onderliggende structuren. Bv. Periodiek systeem
- Unificatie: Verschillende theorieën leiden samen tot meer kennis. Bv.
Evolutietheorie


De wetenschappelijke methode

Theorie

E↕

Hypothese A→ Voorspelling

D↑ B↓

Analyse ←C Empirische waarneming


Waar een wetenschappelijke theorie aan moet voldoen wordt beschreven door de
wetenschapsfilosofie.
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