Test Bank For Contemporary Nursing Issues,
Trends, & Management 9th Edition By Barbara
Cherry, Susan Jacob| Latest Update 2025/2026 Guaranteed Success
Virtue Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, usually attributed
to Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are based
upon innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, sometimes
called virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ This
is the big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and Character
Ethics, on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words being Compassion,
Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue combining an attitude
of active regard for another's welfare with an imaginative awareness and
emotional response of deep sympathy, tenderness, and discomfort at the
other person's misfortune or suffering
Discernment - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue of sensitive insight,
acute judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
Trustworthiness - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue that results in
recognition by others of one's consistency and predictability in following
moral norms
Integrity - ANSWER ✔️ Refers to adherence to moral norms that
,is sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a
consistency of convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ (This is
right before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for it to
be in there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal information
or secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is
entrusted. In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to
participants that information provided will not be made public or
available to anyone other than those involved in the research process
without the participant's consent
Limits of Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ - There are arguments
that favor questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in
certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of harm
and vulnerability
~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result in
preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is
intended to prevent the spread of a serious communicable disease to
innocent babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of the
individual to protect the health of the innocent
, ~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm is
stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in some way
especially vulnerable. This duty is called the
Vulnerability Principle
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves --> Ex: For
example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child abuse. Because
children are dependent and vulnerable, they are at greater risk of harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle
produces a rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of
Confidentiality in certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be
legal. Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle of
Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some legal
precedent for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing sensitive
information. There is dynamic tension between the patient's right to
Confidentiality and the duty to warn innocent others. Nurses need to
recognize that careful consideration of the eth
Justice (Medical Justice) - ANSWER ✔️ An ethical principle that
relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due
or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will deny receipt to
others who might otherwise have received these things. In research, it
implies the rights of fair treatment and privacy, including anonymity and
confidentiality
Distributive Justice - ANSWER ✔️ - Application of an ethical
principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution in
society, determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social
Trends, & Management 9th Edition By Barbara
Cherry, Susan Jacob| Latest Update 2025/2026 Guaranteed Success
Virtue Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, usually attributed
to Aristotle, that represent the idea that an individual's actions are based
upon innate moral virtue
Character Ethics - ANSWER ✔️ Theories of ethics, sometimes
called virtue ethics, that are related to the concept of innate moral virtue
Focal Virtues (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ This
is the big, green header, which is right after Virtue Ethics and Character
Ethics, on Pg. 49 and it contains the next 4 words being Compassion,
Discernment, Trustworthiness, and Integrity
Compassion - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue combining an attitude
of active regard for another's welfare with an imaginative awareness and
emotional response of deep sympathy, tenderness, and discomfort at the
other person's misfortune or suffering
Discernment - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue of sensitive insight,
acute judgment and understanding that results in decisive action
Trustworthiness - ANSWER ✔️ A focal virtue that results in
recognition by others of one's consistency and predictability in following
moral norms
Integrity - ANSWER ✔️ Refers to adherence to moral norms that
,is sustained over time. Implicit in this is trustworthiness and a
consistency of convictions, actions, and emotions
Privacy (I don't think I need this in here) - ANSWER ✔️ (This is
right before Confidentiality, but I am not sure if it is necessary for it to
be in there, yet it goes right along with what Confidentiality truly is)
- Refers to the right of an individual to control the personal information
or secrets that are disclosed to others
Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ The ethical principle that requires
nondisclosure of private or secret information with which one is
entrusted. In research, it refers to the researcher's assurance to
participants that information provided will not be made public or
available to anyone other than those involved in the research process
without the participant's consent
Limits of Confidentiality - ANSWER ✔️ - There are arguments
that favor questioning the absolute obligation of confidentiality in
certain situations
--> these arguments include theories related to the principles of harm
and vulnerability
~~> The harm principle can be applied when the nurse or other
professional recognizes that maintaining confidentiality will result in
preventable wrongful hard to innocent others
==> Ex: Mandatory premarital testing for syphilis, for example, is
intended to prevent the spread of a serious communicable disease to
innocent babies and spouses
++> In this instance, society chooses to override the privacy of the
individual to protect the health of the innocent
, ~~> The harm principle is strengthened when one considers the
vulnerability of the innocent. The duty to protect others from harm is
stronger t=when the third party is dependent on others or is in some way
especially vulnerable. This duty is called the
Vulnerability Principle
Vulnerability implies risk or susceptibility to harm when vulnerable
individuals have a relative inability to protect themselves --> Ex: For
example, nurses have an absolute duty to report child abuse. Because
children are dependent and vulnerable, they are at greater risk of harm.
- Coupling of the harm principle with the Vulnerability Principle
produces a rather strong argument for abandoning the principle of
Confidentiality in certain instances
- Actions that are considered ethical are not always found to be
legal. Though there is an ethical basis for subsuming the principle of
Confidentiality in special circumstances, and there is some legal
precedent for doing so, there is legal risk to disclosing sensitive
information. There is dynamic tension between the patient's right to
Confidentiality and the duty to warn innocent others. Nurses need to
recognize that careful consideration of the eth
Justice (Medical Justice) - ANSWER ✔️ An ethical principle that
relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment in light of what is due
or owed to persons, recognizing that giving to some will deny receipt to
others who might otherwise have received these things. In research, it
implies the rights of fair treatment and privacy, including anonymity and
confidentiality
Distributive Justice - ANSWER ✔️ - Application of an ethical
principle that relates to fair, equitable, and appropriate distribution in
society, determined by justified norms that structure the terms of social
