Bio 1500 FINAL: Learning Objectives
Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Identify dragonflies as ancient insects (which, what, why) - ✔✔o Carboniferous period
(325 million years ago)
o Among first insects to fly
o meganeura
Identify huge body size as outstanding characteristic of animals (including dragonflies)
in the carboniferous - ✔✔o Dragonflies had 8 ft. wingspan
o Weight - 150 g today = 1 g
Rank the importance of team-working skills, content knowledge, communication skills,
learning skills...for employers and graduate school administration - ✔✔o Teamwork -->
communication OR learning --> content knowledge
Develop more than on hypotheses why dragonflies were so big - ✔✔o Why were they
so big and so much smaller now?
o The high oxygen levels during the Carboniferous allowed insects to get so big
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,o The absence of aerial predators during the Carboniferous allowed insects to get so big
o **due to changes in atmosphere and climate**
Memorize the major milestones in the early story on Earth (up to 500 mya) - ✔✔o First
animals...590 mya
o First dinosaurs...230 mya
o First birds...150 mya
o Genus Homo...2 mya
Identify interesting and 'unusual events' in the history of Earth - ✔✔o Universe
formed/big bang...13.7 bya
o Earth formed...4.6 bya
o Oldest evidence of life...3.8 bya
o Cyanobacteria...2.5 bya
o Eukaryotes (cell organelles)...2.0 bya
o "Snowball" ice ages ...760-600 mya
Recall environmental characteristics of Carboniferous time - ✔✔o Forests without trees,
cool climate, primitive plants, swamps
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Interpret the data considered by Clapham and Karr with respect to the hypotheses
developed above - ✔✔o Atmospheric pO2, temperature, and evolution of flying
predators
o Temperature affects body size because metabolic O2, food, growing season, and
foraging time are affected
o Maneuverability affects predation
Describe and interpret figure 1 of Clapham and Karr - ✔✔o Relationship between wing
length and atmospheric pressure and age (mya)
o Decrease from 300-250 mya
Formulate a hypothesis about the factors that allowed insects to be so big, based on the
findings of Clapham and Karr - ✔✔o pO2 and temperature allowed insects to get so big
Categorize different energy forms as 'kinetic' or 'potential' - ✔✔o Kinetic: energy of
motion
EX: heat, light, electricity
o Potential: store energy
EX: chemical
Apply the 1st law of thermodynamics - ✔✔o Energy can never be created nor
destroyed, but can be converted/change form
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Compare visible light energy with the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum: how is it
similar, what makes it special to us? - ✔✔wavelength increases from L to R, but
frequency decreases
Describe the potential outcomes of light striking an object - ✔✔1. Reflected
2. Transmitted
3. Absorbed
Identify the wavelengths (i.e. colors) of light by chlorophyll - ✔✔o Absorbs violet, blue,
and red light
o Reflects green (the color we perceive)
Describe diffusion from the point of view of individual molecules and all molecules -
✔✔o Diffusion: passive movement of molecules
o driven by thermal ('Brownian') movement of molecules
o each molecule is RANDOM
Explain your observations of reddish light coming from chlorophyll when lit with
bright white light. Include a description of fluorescence into your explanation - ✔✔o
Fluorescence: a substance ABSORBS light energy and then RE-EMITS it at a different
wavelength
o Red light energy = long wavelength
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
Exam Questions and Answers 100% Pass
Identify dragonflies as ancient insects (which, what, why) - ✔✔o Carboniferous period
(325 million years ago)
o Among first insects to fly
o meganeura
Identify huge body size as outstanding characteristic of animals (including dragonflies)
in the carboniferous - ✔✔o Dragonflies had 8 ft. wingspan
o Weight - 150 g today = 1 g
Rank the importance of team-working skills, content knowledge, communication skills,
learning skills...for employers and graduate school administration - ✔✔o Teamwork -->
communication OR learning --> content knowledge
Develop more than on hypotheses why dragonflies were so big - ✔✔o Why were they
so big and so much smaller now?
o The high oxygen levels during the Carboniferous allowed insects to get so big
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,o The absence of aerial predators during the Carboniferous allowed insects to get so big
o **due to changes in atmosphere and climate**
Memorize the major milestones in the early story on Earth (up to 500 mya) - ✔✔o First
animals...590 mya
o First dinosaurs...230 mya
o First birds...150 mya
o Genus Homo...2 mya
Identify interesting and 'unusual events' in the history of Earth - ✔✔o Universe
formed/big bang...13.7 bya
o Earth formed...4.6 bya
o Oldest evidence of life...3.8 bya
o Cyanobacteria...2.5 bya
o Eukaryotes (cell organelles)...2.0 bya
o "Snowball" ice ages ...760-600 mya
Recall environmental characteristics of Carboniferous time - ✔✔o Forests without trees,
cool climate, primitive plants, swamps
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,Interpret the data considered by Clapham and Karr with respect to the hypotheses
developed above - ✔✔o Atmospheric pO2, temperature, and evolution of flying
predators
o Temperature affects body size because metabolic O2, food, growing season, and
foraging time are affected
o Maneuverability affects predation
Describe and interpret figure 1 of Clapham and Karr - ✔✔o Relationship between wing
length and atmospheric pressure and age (mya)
o Decrease from 300-250 mya
Formulate a hypothesis about the factors that allowed insects to be so big, based on the
findings of Clapham and Karr - ✔✔o pO2 and temperature allowed insects to get so big
Categorize different energy forms as 'kinetic' or 'potential' - ✔✔o Kinetic: energy of
motion
EX: heat, light, electricity
o Potential: store energy
EX: chemical
Apply the 1st law of thermodynamics - ✔✔o Energy can never be created nor
destroyed, but can be converted/change form
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, Compare visible light energy with the rest of the electromagnetic spectrum: how is it
similar, what makes it special to us? - ✔✔wavelength increases from L to R, but
frequency decreases
Describe the potential outcomes of light striking an object - ✔✔1. Reflected
2. Transmitted
3. Absorbed
Identify the wavelengths (i.e. colors) of light by chlorophyll - ✔✔o Absorbs violet, blue,
and red light
o Reflects green (the color we perceive)
Describe diffusion from the point of view of individual molecules and all molecules -
✔✔o Diffusion: passive movement of molecules
o driven by thermal ('Brownian') movement of molecules
o each molecule is RANDOM
Explain your observations of reddish light coming from chlorophyll when lit with
bright white light. Include a description of fluorescence into your explanation - ✔✔o
Fluorescence: a substance ABSORBS light energy and then RE-EMITS it at a different
wavelength
o Red light energy = long wavelength
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 4
