Bio 1500 test 3 (schul) Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental
variable imposes selection on a trait - ✔✔- control constants (temperature, environment,
food, etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype,
e.g. body size. - ✔✔1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - ✔✔One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A "mechanism of
evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, Population - ✔✔group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - ✔✔observable traits
Fitness - ✔✔ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - ✔✔trait that increases fitness of an individual with this trait relative to
others without it.
Carbohydrates - ✔✔- Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) -
Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
- Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - ✔✔BB: amino acids
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - ✔✔- BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq):
Trans Fats (hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
and Answers 100% Pass
Describe an effective experimental design to determine whether an environmental
variable imposes selection on a trait - ✔✔- control constants (temperature, environment,
food, etc.)
- manipulate independent variable(s)
- record dependent variable(s)
- keep control group
Recognize the potential of natural selection to cause dramatic changes in phenotype,
e.g. body size. - ✔✔1. Phenotypes are a variable in population
2. Offspring have the same/similar phenotype as parents (phenotype is heritable)
3. Survival and reproduction depends on this phenotype
4. Future generation: genetic composition of population changes
Natural Selection - ✔✔One of several "mechanisms of evolution." A "mechanism of
evolution" are processes that cause allele frequency to change.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, Population - ✔✔group of individuals that interbreed and reproduce
Phenotype - ✔✔observable traits
Fitness - ✔✔ability to survive and reproduce in an environment
Adaptation - ✔✔trait that increases fitness of an individual with this trait relative to
others without it.
Carbohydrates - ✔✔- Building Block: monosaccharides (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen) -
Monosaccharides: glucose, galactose, fructose
- Disaccharides: lactose, maltose, sucrose
-Polysaccharides: cellulose, glycogen, starch, chitin
Proteins - ✔✔BB: amino acids
Linked by peptide bonds → long amino acid chain = polypeptide
Lipids - ✔✔- BB: fatty acids and glycerol
-Fats and oils - saturated (solid at room temp; max H+ bond) vs unsaturated (oil/liq):
Trans Fats (hydrogenated PB), omega fatty acids (salmon)
-Waxes
-Phospholipids: Make cellular membranes
-Steroids: Cholesterol; Sterols in plants
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
