BIOL 1500 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% PASS
basic features of a cell - ✔✔plasm membrane; cytosol; chromosomes; ribosomes
describe prokaryotic cells - ✔✔no nucleus; DNA in nucleoid; no membrane-bound
organelles
describe eukaryotic cells - ✔✔DNA in nucleus; membrane-bound organelles; cytoplasm
in region between plasma and nucleus
describe plasma membrane - ✔✔selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
describe nuclear envelope - ✔✔encloses nucleus; double membraned
ribosomes - ✔✔build proteins either in cytosol or outside of ER
endomembrane system - ✔✔consists of nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes,
vacuoles, and plasma membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ✔✔detoxifies drugs and poisons; synthesizes
lipids; stores calcium ions
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, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔studded with ribosomes that secrete glycoproteins;
distribute transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus - ✔✔modifies products of ER; sorts and packages materiels
Lysosomes - ✔✔digest macromolecules; work best in acidic environments
What is phagocytosis? - ✔✔Cell eating
What are vacuoles? - ✔✔large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus
What are food vacuoles? - ✔✔associated with food digestion
what are contractile vacuoles? - ✔✔found in many freshwater protists, pump excess
water out of cells
what are central vacuoles? - ✔✔found in many mature plant cells, hold organic
compounds and water
Mitochondria - ✔✔sites of cellular respiration which generates ATP
what led to the endosymbiont theory? - ✔✔mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities
with bacteria
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - ✔✔early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an
oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells
What are thylakoids? - ✔✔saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
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ANSWERS 100% PASS
basic features of a cell - ✔✔plasm membrane; cytosol; chromosomes; ribosomes
describe prokaryotic cells - ✔✔no nucleus; DNA in nucleoid; no membrane-bound
organelles
describe eukaryotic cells - ✔✔DNA in nucleus; membrane-bound organelles; cytoplasm
in region between plasma and nucleus
describe plasma membrane - ✔✔selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of
oxygen, nutrients, and wastes
describe nuclear envelope - ✔✔encloses nucleus; double membraned
ribosomes - ✔✔build proteins either in cytosol or outside of ER
endomembrane system - ✔✔consists of nuclear envelope, ER, golgi, lysosomes,
vacuoles, and plasma membrane
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - ✔✔detoxifies drugs and poisons; synthesizes
lipids; stores calcium ions
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum - ✔✔studded with ribosomes that secrete glycoproteins;
distribute transport vesicles
Golgi apparatus - ✔✔modifies products of ER; sorts and packages materiels
Lysosomes - ✔✔digest macromolecules; work best in acidic environments
What is phagocytosis? - ✔✔Cell eating
What are vacuoles? - ✔✔large vesicles derived from the ER and Golgi apparatus
What are food vacuoles? - ✔✔associated with food digestion
what are contractile vacuoles? - ✔✔found in many freshwater protists, pump excess
water out of cells
what are central vacuoles? - ✔✔found in many mature plant cells, hold organic
compounds and water
Mitochondria - ✔✔sites of cellular respiration which generates ATP
what led to the endosymbiont theory? - ✔✔mitochondria and chloroplasts similarities
with bacteria
What is the endosymbiotic theory? - ✔✔early ancestor of eukaryotes engulfed an
oxygen-using non-photosynthetic prokaryotic cells
What are thylakoids? - ✔✔saclike photosynthetic membranes found in chloroplasts
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