MTTC - LEARNING DISABILITIES EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Developmental bilingual program - Answer-ELL program that uses the native language
in core academic subjects throughout elementary school (sometimes extends to middle
and high school)
two-way immersion program - Answer-ELL program that includes students from similar
backgrounds with half the class speaking the native language and the other half
speaking both (instruction is evenly split)
newcomer program - Answer-ELL program reserved for recent U.S. arrivals (instruction
is in native language)
continuum of learning theory - Answer-outlines predictable steps when learning a new
language
silent/receptive or reproduction stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when
students don't say much and communicate with pictures
early production stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when students use
one and two word phrases, yes/no, and answer W questions
speech emergence stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when students
use short sentences and ask simple questions
intermediate language proficiency stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language
when students make complex sentences, share thoughts and opinions, and speak more
advanced learning proficiency stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when
students have a substantial vocabulary and can participate fully in the classroom
context-embedded communication - Answer-visuals like pictures, tone of voice,
gestures, etc. help students understand what's being said
context-reduced communication - Answer-doesn't have visual clues - student must rely
on competency and fluency in the language to understand what's being said
English Language Learner - Answer-ELL
English as a Second Language - Answer-ESL
grammar-based ESL - Answer-teaches students the rules of English including structure,
function, and vocabulary
,communication-based ESL - Answer-teaches students how to use English in every day,
realistic situations
content-based ESL - Answer-teaches students grammar and vocabulary and uses
written assignments in order to practice these skills
(1) increase comprehensibility (2) encourage interaction (3) increase thinking and study
skills (4) use the native language - Answer-4 ways mainstream classrooms can help
ELL
academic language scaffolding - Answer-a gradual step-by-step process that builds on
the English language learner's knowledge and confidence as he learns to complete
tasks independently and communicate more fluently
phonics - Answer-an analytical approach to reading - taking words apart to study letters,
sounds, and syllables
whole language approach - Answer-an approach to reading that encourages active
learning and emphasizes working in groups to develop social and communicational
skills
constructivist learning theory - Answer-the teacher is a facilitator who instructs by
building upon knowledge previously acquired
print exposure - Answer-the amount of time a person spends reading
reading - Answer-the most effective way to increase one's vocabulary at any age
guided oral reading - Answer-an instructional strategy used to improve verbal reading
skills - (1) teacher reads aloud (2) student reads silently (3) student reads aloud
fluency - Answer-the ability to read and comprehend the written word accurately and
quickly
clarifying table - Answer-a tool to help students separate a topic into smaller, more
manageable parts
linguistic knowledge - Answer-understanding the system: how the language works, what
the words mean, and how to use the words properly
phonology - Answer-the sounds of the words and their proper pronunciation
semantics - Answer-the meaning of the signs and symbols used to form the words
morphology - Answer-the structure and form of the words
, inflection - Answer-changing pitch or tone of voice
derivation - Answer-adding prefixes or suffixes to change the meaning
compounds - Answer-combining two or more words to form a different word
word meaning - Answer-the idea or thought conveyed
syntax - Answer-the rules governing the formation of sentences
literature - Answer-the body of written works of a language, period, or culture
poetry - Answer-when words are written in verse
haiku - Answer-form of poetry in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5
limerick - Answer-form of poetry in 5 lines the rhyme in the scheme of AABBA with lines
of 3, 3, 2, 2, 3 syllables
sonnet - Answer-form of poetry written in iambic pentameter
autobiography - Answer-genre of literature that is an account of a person's life and times
written by that person, based upon his own memories
biography - Answer-genre of literature that is an analysis of a person's life and times
written by another
children's literature - Answer-genre of literature that is written primarily for children
diaries and journals - Answer-genre of literature that is a log of discrete entries
describing the activities of a period of time
essay - Answer-genre of literature that is a short, non-fiction, subjective composition
written from the author's perspective
fiction - Answer-genre of literature that is a story invented by the author - based upon
actual events, written with the author's imagination
parody - Answer-genre of literature that is the imitation of another work for the purpose
of ridicule, irony, or to make fun of the original work
satire - Answer-genre of literature that is a technique used to criticize a person, event,
group, idea, institution, or social practice in a clever manner
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Developmental bilingual program - Answer-ELL program that uses the native language
in core academic subjects throughout elementary school (sometimes extends to middle
and high school)
two-way immersion program - Answer-ELL program that includes students from similar
backgrounds with half the class speaking the native language and the other half
speaking both (instruction is evenly split)
newcomer program - Answer-ELL program reserved for recent U.S. arrivals (instruction
is in native language)
continuum of learning theory - Answer-outlines predictable steps when learning a new
language
silent/receptive or reproduction stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when
students don't say much and communicate with pictures
early production stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when students use
one and two word phrases, yes/no, and answer W questions
speech emergence stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when students
use short sentences and ask simple questions
intermediate language proficiency stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language
when students make complex sentences, share thoughts and opinions, and speak more
advanced learning proficiency stage - Answer-stage of learning a new language when
students have a substantial vocabulary and can participate fully in the classroom
context-embedded communication - Answer-visuals like pictures, tone of voice,
gestures, etc. help students understand what's being said
context-reduced communication - Answer-doesn't have visual clues - student must rely
on competency and fluency in the language to understand what's being said
English Language Learner - Answer-ELL
English as a Second Language - Answer-ESL
grammar-based ESL - Answer-teaches students the rules of English including structure,
function, and vocabulary
,communication-based ESL - Answer-teaches students how to use English in every day,
realistic situations
content-based ESL - Answer-teaches students grammar and vocabulary and uses
written assignments in order to practice these skills
(1) increase comprehensibility (2) encourage interaction (3) increase thinking and study
skills (4) use the native language - Answer-4 ways mainstream classrooms can help
ELL
academic language scaffolding - Answer-a gradual step-by-step process that builds on
the English language learner's knowledge and confidence as he learns to complete
tasks independently and communicate more fluently
phonics - Answer-an analytical approach to reading - taking words apart to study letters,
sounds, and syllables
whole language approach - Answer-an approach to reading that encourages active
learning and emphasizes working in groups to develop social and communicational
skills
constructivist learning theory - Answer-the teacher is a facilitator who instructs by
building upon knowledge previously acquired
print exposure - Answer-the amount of time a person spends reading
reading - Answer-the most effective way to increase one's vocabulary at any age
guided oral reading - Answer-an instructional strategy used to improve verbal reading
skills - (1) teacher reads aloud (2) student reads silently (3) student reads aloud
fluency - Answer-the ability to read and comprehend the written word accurately and
quickly
clarifying table - Answer-a tool to help students separate a topic into smaller, more
manageable parts
linguistic knowledge - Answer-understanding the system: how the language works, what
the words mean, and how to use the words properly
phonology - Answer-the sounds of the words and their proper pronunciation
semantics - Answer-the meaning of the signs and symbols used to form the words
morphology - Answer-the structure and form of the words
, inflection - Answer-changing pitch or tone of voice
derivation - Answer-adding prefixes or suffixes to change the meaning
compounds - Answer-combining two or more words to form a different word
word meaning - Answer-the idea or thought conveyed
syntax - Answer-the rules governing the formation of sentences
literature - Answer-the body of written works of a language, period, or culture
poetry - Answer-when words are written in verse
haiku - Answer-form of poetry in 3 lines of 5, 7, and 5
limerick - Answer-form of poetry in 5 lines the rhyme in the scheme of AABBA with lines
of 3, 3, 2, 2, 3 syllables
sonnet - Answer-form of poetry written in iambic pentameter
autobiography - Answer-genre of literature that is an account of a person's life and times
written by that person, based upon his own memories
biography - Answer-genre of literature that is an analysis of a person's life and times
written by another
children's literature - Answer-genre of literature that is written primarily for children
diaries and journals - Answer-genre of literature that is a log of discrete entries
describing the activities of a period of time
essay - Answer-genre of literature that is a short, non-fiction, subjective composition
written from the author's perspective
fiction - Answer-genre of literature that is a story invented by the author - based upon
actual events, written with the author's imagination
parody - Answer-genre of literature that is the imitation of another work for the purpose
of ridicule, irony, or to make fun of the original work
satire - Answer-genre of literature that is a technique used to criticize a person, event,
group, idea, institution, or social practice in a clever manner
