Higher Psychology Exam Questions
and Answers 100% Pass
Define Compliance - ✔✔Someone publically agrees with the majority but privately, in
their own mind, they disagree with it.
Define Identification - ✔✔When someone publically and privately agrees with a group,
but once they are no longer in that group permanently they revert back to their old
opinions.
Define Internalisation - ✔✔Someone publically and privately agrees with the majority
and they still believe in that even when they leave the group permanently.
Define Conformity - ✔✔Conformity is the tendency to change our
opinions/beliefs/thoughts to match the majority, as a result of real or imagined
pressure.
Informational social influence - ✔✔People that conform because they believe the
majority is right and that they have superior knowledge. This occurs in ambiguous
situations where the answer is not obvious.
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,Normative social influence - ✔✔People that conform because they want to fit in and be
liked by the majority. This occurs in unambiguous situations where the answer is
obvious.
Define:
Positive (pro-social) conformity
Negative (anti-social) conformity - ✔✔Positive - Someone who conforms to something
good e.g. vegetarianism
Someone who conforms to something bad e.g. racism
Explain the aim of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔To see if people would conform to
the majority in an unambiguous test. (when the answer is obvious)
Explain the procedure of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔They got 123 male and
females to say what line matched x from the options. The true participant wore different
glasses to the confederates which changed what line they saw matching x.
Explain the results of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔Women conformed 4.41 times
out of 12 but men never conformed.
Explain the conclusion of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔Women may have
conformed more because woman have a need to keep the peace and keep everyone
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,happy. Also, women may have conformed because the participants knew eachother.
This is Normative Social Influence.
Name a strength of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔A strength is that it was a lab
experiment so it was highly controlled and so the variables can be manipulated. Men
and women were used so it can be generalised to both genders. Also, women
conformed more as they were acquainted with the other participants.
Name a weakness of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔A weakness is that it was
conducted in Japan so it cant be generalised to other cultures. It has low ecological
validity as the task isn't something that would naturally happen, so it can't be applied to
the real world.
Explain the individual factor effecting conformity - Gender - ✔✔If you are a woman,
you are seen as more likely to conform as women want to keep the peace and to keep
everyone happy. Men dont worry about those things.
Explain the individual factor effecting conformity - Self esteem - ✔✔If you have low
self-esteem you may be more likely to conform as you fear rejection from the group. If
you have high self-esteem, you are confident and self-assured and can be independent
with your thoughts/opinions.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Group size - ✔✔If a group is 1
people conformity is at 3, if theres 2 people its at 13%, but if its 3or more people
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, conformity is at 32%. If the group size is larger than 5 conformity doesn't increase,
because participants are suspicious that many people are choosing what they believe to
be the wrong answer.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Group unanimity - ✔✔If one person
in the group says the correct answer then conformity decreases, because the true
participant feels as if they have an ally in the group and so they wont conform.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Difficulty of task - ✔✔If the task is
difficult or ambiguous, conformity will increase as we look for others to help us find the
answer. This is informational social influence.
Explain the cultural factor affecting conformity - Individualist - ✔✔In the UK and USA,
its encouraged to be independent and to be yourself, so people conform less there.
Explain the cultural factor affecting conformity - Collectivist - ✔✔In Japan, Korea and
China its encouraged to conform as its seen as working with you family and friends
towards a group goal, instead of your individual desire.
What does SLICE stand for? - ✔✔S - Summarise
L - Link to theories/studies
I - Implications (to the real world)
C - Compare (to other e.g. studies)
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and Answers 100% Pass
Define Compliance - ✔✔Someone publically agrees with the majority but privately, in
their own mind, they disagree with it.
Define Identification - ✔✔When someone publically and privately agrees with a group,
but once they are no longer in that group permanently they revert back to their old
opinions.
Define Internalisation - ✔✔Someone publically and privately agrees with the majority
and they still believe in that even when they leave the group permanently.
Define Conformity - ✔✔Conformity is the tendency to change our
opinions/beliefs/thoughts to match the majority, as a result of real or imagined
pressure.
Informational social influence - ✔✔People that conform because they believe the
majority is right and that they have superior knowledge. This occurs in ambiguous
situations where the answer is not obvious.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Normative social influence - ✔✔People that conform because they want to fit in and be
liked by the majority. This occurs in unambiguous situations where the answer is
obvious.
Define:
Positive (pro-social) conformity
Negative (anti-social) conformity - ✔✔Positive - Someone who conforms to something
good e.g. vegetarianism
Someone who conforms to something bad e.g. racism
Explain the aim of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔To see if people would conform to
the majority in an unambiguous test. (when the answer is obvious)
Explain the procedure of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔They got 123 male and
females to say what line matched x from the options. The true participant wore different
glasses to the confederates which changed what line they saw matching x.
Explain the results of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔Women conformed 4.41 times
out of 12 but men never conformed.
Explain the conclusion of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔Women may have
conformed more because woman have a need to keep the peace and keep everyone
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
,happy. Also, women may have conformed because the participants knew eachother.
This is Normative Social Influence.
Name a strength of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔A strength is that it was a lab
experiment so it was highly controlled and so the variables can be manipulated. Men
and women were used so it can be generalised to both genders. Also, women
conformed more as they were acquainted with the other participants.
Name a weakness of Mori and Arai's experiment - ✔✔A weakness is that it was
conducted in Japan so it cant be generalised to other cultures. It has low ecological
validity as the task isn't something that would naturally happen, so it can't be applied to
the real world.
Explain the individual factor effecting conformity - Gender - ✔✔If you are a woman,
you are seen as more likely to conform as women want to keep the peace and to keep
everyone happy. Men dont worry about those things.
Explain the individual factor effecting conformity - Self esteem - ✔✔If you have low
self-esteem you may be more likely to conform as you fear rejection from the group. If
you have high self-esteem, you are confident and self-assured and can be independent
with your thoughts/opinions.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Group size - ✔✔If a group is 1
people conformity is at 3, if theres 2 people its at 13%, but if its 3or more people
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
, conformity is at 32%. If the group size is larger than 5 conformity doesn't increase,
because participants are suspicious that many people are choosing what they believe to
be the wrong answer.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Group unanimity - ✔✔If one person
in the group says the correct answer then conformity decreases, because the true
participant feels as if they have an ally in the group and so they wont conform.
Explain the situational factor effecting conformity - Difficulty of task - ✔✔If the task is
difficult or ambiguous, conformity will increase as we look for others to help us find the
answer. This is informational social influence.
Explain the cultural factor affecting conformity - Individualist - ✔✔In the UK and USA,
its encouraged to be independent and to be yourself, so people conform less there.
Explain the cultural factor affecting conformity - Collectivist - ✔✔In Japan, Korea and
China its encouraged to conform as its seen as working with you family and friends
towards a group goal, instead of your individual desire.
What does SLICE stand for? - ✔✔S - Summarise
L - Link to theories/studies
I - Implications (to the real world)
C - Compare (to other e.g. studies)
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