AP BIO UNIT 1 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe genetic variables that lead to speciation - ANSWER-Mutation
Explain allopatric and sympatric speciation - ANSWER-Allopatric is geographic
separation different homeland Sympatric is same homeland mutation driven
Describe adaptive radiation - ANSWER-A single species diversifies into multiple species
due to the needs of the area that they're in
Describe homologous and vestigial structures - ANSWER-Homologous: similar
structures among different organisms that indicate common descent. A bat wing and a
cat leg Vestigial: A leftover feature on an organism. The human tailbone.
Describe pathways of species evolution in hybrid zones - ANSWER-Reinforcement- two
species evolve apart, their hybrids get less and less fit
Fusion- two species start to grow apart but evolve together into one species
Stability- two species split into two but do not evolve anymore, hybrids can still be
formed
Explain the two major theories on rates of speciation - ANSWER-Gradual- diverge in
small steps
Punctuated equilibrium- evolve suddenly, then stop evolving for long periods of time
Define the Hardy-Weinberg principle and discuss its importance - ANSWER-allele and
genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation
in the absence of other evolutionary influences and its important bc a population's
genotype and allele frequencies will remain unchanged over successive generations
Describe the different types of variation in a population - ANSWER-Prezygotic,
postzygotic allopatric, and sympatric.
Explain why only heritable variation can be acted upon by natural selection - ANSWER-
they are heritable traits can be mixed and mutated and passed on and selected for
Explain how each evolutionary force can influence the allele frequencies of a population
- ANSWER-Bottleneck effect- When a large potion of a species is wiped out, making
there fewer traits to select from
Gene flow- when organisms come and go they take their genes with them
Nonrandom- 'attractive' traits are selected for among the population, making them more
prevalent
Geographical- can lead to geographic variation
Genetic Drift- different traits
CORRECT ANSWERS
Describe genetic variables that lead to speciation - ANSWER-Mutation
Explain allopatric and sympatric speciation - ANSWER-Allopatric is geographic
separation different homeland Sympatric is same homeland mutation driven
Describe adaptive radiation - ANSWER-A single species diversifies into multiple species
due to the needs of the area that they're in
Describe homologous and vestigial structures - ANSWER-Homologous: similar
structures among different organisms that indicate common descent. A bat wing and a
cat leg Vestigial: A leftover feature on an organism. The human tailbone.
Describe pathways of species evolution in hybrid zones - ANSWER-Reinforcement- two
species evolve apart, their hybrids get less and less fit
Fusion- two species start to grow apart but evolve together into one species
Stability- two species split into two but do not evolve anymore, hybrids can still be
formed
Explain the two major theories on rates of speciation - ANSWER-Gradual- diverge in
small steps
Punctuated equilibrium- evolve suddenly, then stop evolving for long periods of time
Define the Hardy-Weinberg principle and discuss its importance - ANSWER-allele and
genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation
in the absence of other evolutionary influences and its important bc a population's
genotype and allele frequencies will remain unchanged over successive generations
Describe the different types of variation in a population - ANSWER-Prezygotic,
postzygotic allopatric, and sympatric.
Explain why only heritable variation can be acted upon by natural selection - ANSWER-
they are heritable traits can be mixed and mutated and passed on and selected for
Explain how each evolutionary force can influence the allele frequencies of a population
- ANSWER-Bottleneck effect- When a large potion of a species is wiped out, making
there fewer traits to select from
Gene flow- when organisms come and go they take their genes with them
Nonrandom- 'attractive' traits are selected for among the population, making them more
prevalent
Geographical- can lead to geographic variation
Genetic Drift- different traits
