HUN 3224 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Where is the MEOS pathway located? What does it work like? - ANSWER-smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
ETC
What does the MEOS pathway utilize? - ANSWER-riboflavin and niacin (NADPH)
cytochrome p450
Fe
What are the end products of the MEOS pathway? - ANSWER-Water, NADP
acetaldehyde
How is the MEOS pathway inducible? - ANSWER-Increases SER (size of organelle)
Increases p450
What does the MEOS pathway metabolize? What does it change the metabolism of? -
ANSWER-xenobiotics (outside drugs)
other drugs
What can an increase in MEOS (p450) do? - ANSWER-may lead to tolerance or toxicity
of a drug
prodrug - drug
drug - metabolized
What does acetate do? - ANSWER-goes to acetyl coa
can stay in liver or enter blood stream
What happens with acetate in the liver? - ANSWER-acetate - acetyl coa
de novo fatty acid synthesis
fatty acids stay in liver enter blood via VLDL
What happens with acetate in the blood stream? - ANSWER-signals decrease of FA's
from adipose
enters muscle tissue (oxidized to energy)
What are other metabolic changes in response to ethanol? - ANSWER-gluconeogensis
declines (hypoglycemia)
protein synthesis decreases
krebs cycle slows
What happens as a result of the krebs cycle slow with ethanol? - ANSWER-FA
synthesis increase
, ketone formation increases
What is there a high amount of in ethanol metabolism? - ANSWER-high NADH:NAD
ratio
pyruvate to lactate
What happens in the GI tract with ethanol? - ANSWER-stomach = increased HCL
secretions
Acetaldehyde is toxic
increases absorption of iron, too much
increases risk of GI cancers
What happens in the kidney with ethanol? - ANSWER-increased excretion of
electrolytes
decreases in antidiuretic hormone production = diuresis
What happens in the brain with ethanol? - ANSWER-decreased oxygen
brain will shut down, loss of consciosuness
What happens in the liver with ethanol? - ANSWER-fatty liver
hepatic disease
lactic acidosis
vitamin deficiency: the liver is the main storage sit for vitamins and converts vitamins to
metabolically active form
What is energy balance? - ANSWER-energy balance = total caloric intake - total energy
expenditure
What is O Energy balance? - ANSWER-intake = TEE
weight is stable
What is positive energy balance? - ANSWER-intake > TEE
weight gain
What is Negative nitrogen balance? - ANSWER-intake < TEE
weight loss
What is total energy expenditure? - ANSWER-thermic effect of a meal + physical activity
+ basal metabolic rate
What is the thermic effect of a meal? - ANSWER-energy expended to digest and absorb
food
varies with composition of a meal
very small % of total energy
What is physical activity in TEE? - ANSWER-varies with age and intensity
CORRECT ANSWERS
Where is the MEOS pathway located? What does it work like? - ANSWER-smooth
endoplasmic reticulum
ETC
What does the MEOS pathway utilize? - ANSWER-riboflavin and niacin (NADPH)
cytochrome p450
Fe
What are the end products of the MEOS pathway? - ANSWER-Water, NADP
acetaldehyde
How is the MEOS pathway inducible? - ANSWER-Increases SER (size of organelle)
Increases p450
What does the MEOS pathway metabolize? What does it change the metabolism of? -
ANSWER-xenobiotics (outside drugs)
other drugs
What can an increase in MEOS (p450) do? - ANSWER-may lead to tolerance or toxicity
of a drug
prodrug - drug
drug - metabolized
What does acetate do? - ANSWER-goes to acetyl coa
can stay in liver or enter blood stream
What happens with acetate in the liver? - ANSWER-acetate - acetyl coa
de novo fatty acid synthesis
fatty acids stay in liver enter blood via VLDL
What happens with acetate in the blood stream? - ANSWER-signals decrease of FA's
from adipose
enters muscle tissue (oxidized to energy)
What are other metabolic changes in response to ethanol? - ANSWER-gluconeogensis
declines (hypoglycemia)
protein synthesis decreases
krebs cycle slows
What happens as a result of the krebs cycle slow with ethanol? - ANSWER-FA
synthesis increase
, ketone formation increases
What is there a high amount of in ethanol metabolism? - ANSWER-high NADH:NAD
ratio
pyruvate to lactate
What happens in the GI tract with ethanol? - ANSWER-stomach = increased HCL
secretions
Acetaldehyde is toxic
increases absorption of iron, too much
increases risk of GI cancers
What happens in the kidney with ethanol? - ANSWER-increased excretion of
electrolytes
decreases in antidiuretic hormone production = diuresis
What happens in the brain with ethanol? - ANSWER-decreased oxygen
brain will shut down, loss of consciosuness
What happens in the liver with ethanol? - ANSWER-fatty liver
hepatic disease
lactic acidosis
vitamin deficiency: the liver is the main storage sit for vitamins and converts vitamins to
metabolically active form
What is energy balance? - ANSWER-energy balance = total caloric intake - total energy
expenditure
What is O Energy balance? - ANSWER-intake = TEE
weight is stable
What is positive energy balance? - ANSWER-intake > TEE
weight gain
What is Negative nitrogen balance? - ANSWER-intake < TEE
weight loss
What is total energy expenditure? - ANSWER-thermic effect of a meal + physical activity
+ basal metabolic rate
What is the thermic effect of a meal? - ANSWER-energy expended to digest and absorb
food
varies with composition of a meal
very small % of total energy
What is physical activity in TEE? - ANSWER-varies with age and intensity
