TURFGRASS MANAGEMENT A LESSON
1,2,3 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Chlorophyll - - Answer-collects light energy and uses it to produce carbohydrates
(sugars) from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen in the process.
Plants use carbohydrates, as a source of _________________ - Answer-· energy for
powering functions such as nutrient absorption and reproduction, as well as for growth
of stems, & leaves
The carbohydrates produced by the plant are utilized through the process of
___________ - Answer-respiration
Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis in that it uses __________ - Answer-
oxygen to convert the carbohydrates into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water in
the process
Photosynthesis and respiration are influenced by several factors like ____________ -
Answer-- temperature
-amount of light
- water
Respiration can take place day or night while ______________ - Answer-
photosynthesis is only during the day
A plant needs - Answer-17 chemical elements which are divided into macronutrients
and micronutrients
Macronutrients can be further classified as ________ - Answer-primary or secondary
· 6 major macronutrients - Answer--Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Phosphorus
-Potassium
- 3 Major macronutrients which are sustained for growth, carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
- Secondary macronutrients, sulfur, calcium, & magnesium
Golf course soil can be improved - Answer-either before or after turfgrass establishment
by amending it with sand, finely graded topsoil, compost or fertilizer
,Existing soil called _________ - Answer-called native soil rarely meets the requirements
for maintaining healthy turfgrass
A soil composition and texture are the result of - Answer-- Sand
- Silt
- Clay
The texture of soil affects how well nutrients and water are retained in the soil -
Answer-- Sandy soil allows water & nutrients to penetrate easily, but pass through
quickly
- Clay soil holds nutrients and water better than sandy soils, but can be too dense and
retain to much water
- Compacted soil is a constant challenge on the course that experience heavy traffic
Loam - - Answer-is an ideal soil that provides just the right balance between drainage
and retention containing equal portions of sand, silt, clay and organic material
Thatch - - Answer-Tightly intermingled layer of dead and living stems, crowns, and roots
that develop between the growing turf plants and soil surface
Ph Rating - - Answer-measurements of the relative acidity and alkalinity of the soil.
- Scale from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral meaning is neither acidic nor alkaline
Lower than 7 -
higher than 7 - - Answer-(soil is acidic)
(soil is alkalinity)
Turfgrass grows best in soil that is _______ - Answer-slightly acidic between 6.0 and
6.5
System developed by the USGA in 1960 and updated in 1993 - Answer-involves a top
layer of a mixture of sand and peat for the rootzone. This layer sits atop another layer of
pure sand, which in turn rests on a layer of gravel. Rather than draining out of the sand
layer, water and nutrients are retained in sufficient quantities, but excess water quickly
flows to the drainpipes. Now have become the most widely used method of constructing
sand-based greens in the United States
1900's green construction began to evolve into an approach ____________ - Answer-
that virtually eliminates soil
Early in the game's history, greens were created by simply shaping and contouring the
available soil. (Also called push up greens) - Answer-still widely used usually with
, drainage tiles installed below. If suitable soil is available on site and traffic is low push
up greens can be maintained in good condition, but problems arise when traffic
increases
Cool Season -
Tees & Fairways will likely be planted with - Answer-bentgrass or bluegrass
Cool Season -
Greens will likely be planted with - Answer-creeping or velvet bentgrass
Cool Season -
Rough are usually planted with - Answer-fescues and ryegrass
Warm Season -
Fairways will likely be planted with a common - Answer-bermudagrass or zoysiagrass
Warm Season -
Tees are commonly planted with - Answer-bermudagrass or zoysiagrass
Warm Season -
Greens will likely be planted with a hybrid - Answer-bermudagrass such as tifdwarf or
tifway
Warm Season -
Roughs are usually planted with - Answer-bahiagrass, St. Augustine, or
centipedegrasss
Grasses are classified as either ______ - Answer-Cool or warm season grasses
Cool Season grasses grow best in Northern areas and range in temperature of
________ - Answer-60* to 75*. These grasses are (Bluegrass, Bentgrass, Fescues, &
Ryegrasses)
Warm Season grasses grow best in Southern areas and range in temperature of
________ - Answer-80* to 95*. These grasses are (Bermudagrass, Bahuagrass, &
Zoysiagrass)
Bentgrasses (Velvet Bentgrass) - Answer-- Use (Greens)
- Fine and dense
- High maintenance
Creeping Bentgrasses - Answer-- Use (Greens, Tees, Fairways), Ideal green surface
- Tolerate close mowing (1/10"- 1/8")
- Fine-textured
- Creates smooth putting surface
- High maintenance
1,2,3 EXAM QUESTIONS WITH 100%
CORRECT ANSWERS
Chlorophyll - - Answer-collects light energy and uses it to produce carbohydrates
(sugars) from carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen in the process.
Plants use carbohydrates, as a source of _________________ - Answer-· energy for
powering functions such as nutrient absorption and reproduction, as well as for growth
of stems, & leaves
The carbohydrates produced by the plant are utilized through the process of
___________ - Answer-respiration
Respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis in that it uses __________ - Answer-
oxygen to convert the carbohydrates into energy, releasing carbon dioxide and water in
the process
Photosynthesis and respiration are influenced by several factors like ____________ -
Answer-- temperature
-amount of light
- water
Respiration can take place day or night while ______________ - Answer-
photosynthesis is only during the day
A plant needs - Answer-17 chemical elements which are divided into macronutrients
and micronutrients
Macronutrients can be further classified as ________ - Answer-primary or secondary
· 6 major macronutrients - Answer--Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen
-Nitrogen
-Phosphorus
-Potassium
- 3 Major macronutrients which are sustained for growth, carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen
- Secondary macronutrients, sulfur, calcium, & magnesium
Golf course soil can be improved - Answer-either before or after turfgrass establishment
by amending it with sand, finely graded topsoil, compost or fertilizer
,Existing soil called _________ - Answer-called native soil rarely meets the requirements
for maintaining healthy turfgrass
A soil composition and texture are the result of - Answer-- Sand
- Silt
- Clay
The texture of soil affects how well nutrients and water are retained in the soil -
Answer-- Sandy soil allows water & nutrients to penetrate easily, but pass through
quickly
- Clay soil holds nutrients and water better than sandy soils, but can be too dense and
retain to much water
- Compacted soil is a constant challenge on the course that experience heavy traffic
Loam - - Answer-is an ideal soil that provides just the right balance between drainage
and retention containing equal portions of sand, silt, clay and organic material
Thatch - - Answer-Tightly intermingled layer of dead and living stems, crowns, and roots
that develop between the growing turf plants and soil surface
Ph Rating - - Answer-measurements of the relative acidity and alkalinity of the soil.
- Scale from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral meaning is neither acidic nor alkaline
Lower than 7 -
higher than 7 - - Answer-(soil is acidic)
(soil is alkalinity)
Turfgrass grows best in soil that is _______ - Answer-slightly acidic between 6.0 and
6.5
System developed by the USGA in 1960 and updated in 1993 - Answer-involves a top
layer of a mixture of sand and peat for the rootzone. This layer sits atop another layer of
pure sand, which in turn rests on a layer of gravel. Rather than draining out of the sand
layer, water and nutrients are retained in sufficient quantities, but excess water quickly
flows to the drainpipes. Now have become the most widely used method of constructing
sand-based greens in the United States
1900's green construction began to evolve into an approach ____________ - Answer-
that virtually eliminates soil
Early in the game's history, greens were created by simply shaping and contouring the
available soil. (Also called push up greens) - Answer-still widely used usually with
, drainage tiles installed below. If suitable soil is available on site and traffic is low push
up greens can be maintained in good condition, but problems arise when traffic
increases
Cool Season -
Tees & Fairways will likely be planted with - Answer-bentgrass or bluegrass
Cool Season -
Greens will likely be planted with - Answer-creeping or velvet bentgrass
Cool Season -
Rough are usually planted with - Answer-fescues and ryegrass
Warm Season -
Fairways will likely be planted with a common - Answer-bermudagrass or zoysiagrass
Warm Season -
Tees are commonly planted with - Answer-bermudagrass or zoysiagrass
Warm Season -
Greens will likely be planted with a hybrid - Answer-bermudagrass such as tifdwarf or
tifway
Warm Season -
Roughs are usually planted with - Answer-bahiagrass, St. Augustine, or
centipedegrasss
Grasses are classified as either ______ - Answer-Cool or warm season grasses
Cool Season grasses grow best in Northern areas and range in temperature of
________ - Answer-60* to 75*. These grasses are (Bluegrass, Bentgrass, Fescues, &
Ryegrasses)
Warm Season grasses grow best in Southern areas and range in temperature of
________ - Answer-80* to 95*. These grasses are (Bermudagrass, Bahuagrass, &
Zoysiagrass)
Bentgrasses (Velvet Bentgrass) - Answer-- Use (Greens)
- Fine and dense
- High maintenance
Creeping Bentgrasses - Answer-- Use (Greens, Tees, Fairways), Ideal green surface
- Tolerate close mowing (1/10"- 1/8")
- Fine-textured
- Creates smooth putting surface
- High maintenance
