CHAPTER 1:
● Diet: usual pattern of food choices
● Factors that contribute to diet:
○ Family, childhood experiences, peers, ethnic background, education, occupation,
income, location of residence, food comp, convenience/availability, religious,
nutritional beliefs, health beliefs, status, moods, media
● Nutrients: chemicals necessary for proper body functioning
● Chronic: refers to diseases and many other medical conditions that are long-term and
often, difficult to treat
● Nutrition: scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances
● Chemistry: study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can
occur to it
● Six classes of nutrients:
○ Carbs, fats, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
● Woman have less water and protein than men, but more fat
● Heart Disease: #1 leading cause of all death in Americans
● Nutrients that provide energy: proteins, fats, water
● Smoking is the primary cause of preventable cancer death
Major Functions of Nutrients in the Body
● Carbohydrates: Source of energy (most forms of carbohydrate)
● Lipids:
○ Source of energy (fat)
○ Cellular development, physical growth and development
○ Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers, for example)
○ Absorption of certain vitamins
● Proteins:
○ Production of structural components, such as cell membranes, and functional
components, such as enzymes
○ Cellular development, growth, and maintenance
○ Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers, for example)
○ Transportation of many nutrients
○ Immune function and fluid balance
○ Source of energy
● Vitamins:
○ Regulation of body processes, including cell metabolism
○ Maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and
protection against agents that can damage cellular components
● Minerals:
○ Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and metabolism; formation
of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various
substances and tissues; physical growth, maintenance, and development
● Water:
○ Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of
wastes, and transportation of substances; Participant in many chemical reactions
, Essential Nutrients:
● Body can synthesize lipid cholesterol and fat, but about 50 nutrients are essential
● Deficiency disease: nutrients are missing from diet
● Scurvy:Vitamin C deficiency
Water Glucose
Vitamins Minerals Fats that contain linoleic and
alpha linolenic acids
A Calcium
B Vitamins Chloride
Thiamin Chromium
Riboflavin Copper Components of proteins (amin
acids)
Niacin Iodine
Pantothenic acid Iron
Biotin Magnesium Histidine
Folate Manganese Leucine
B-6 Molybdenum Isoleucine
B-12 Phosphorus Lysine
Choline Potassium Methionine
C Selenium Phenylalanine
D** Sodium Threonine
E Sulfur Tryptophan
K Zinc Valine
● Diet: usual pattern of food choices
● Factors that contribute to diet:
○ Family, childhood experiences, peers, ethnic background, education, occupation,
income, location of residence, food comp, convenience/availability, religious,
nutritional beliefs, health beliefs, status, moods, media
● Nutrients: chemicals necessary for proper body functioning
● Chronic: refers to diseases and many other medical conditions that are long-term and
often, difficult to treat
● Nutrition: scientific study of nutrients and how the body uses these substances
● Chemistry: study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that can
occur to it
● Six classes of nutrients:
○ Carbs, fats, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water
● Woman have less water and protein than men, but more fat
● Heart Disease: #1 leading cause of all death in Americans
● Nutrients that provide energy: proteins, fats, water
● Smoking is the primary cause of preventable cancer death
Major Functions of Nutrients in the Body
● Carbohydrates: Source of energy (most forms of carbohydrate)
● Lipids:
○ Source of energy (fat)
○ Cellular development, physical growth and development
○ Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers, for example)
○ Absorption of certain vitamins
● Proteins:
○ Production of structural components, such as cell membranes, and functional
components, such as enzymes
○ Cellular development, growth, and maintenance
○ Regulation of body processes (certain chemical messengers, for example)
○ Transportation of many nutrients
○ Immune function and fluid balance
○ Source of energy
● Vitamins:
○ Regulation of body processes, including cell metabolism
○ Maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and
protection against agents that can damage cellular components
● Minerals:
○ Regulation of body processes, including fluid balance and metabolism; formation
of certain chemical messengers; structural and functional components of various
substances and tissues; physical growth, maintenance, and development
● Water:
○ Maintenance of fluid balance, regulation of body temperature, elimination of
wastes, and transportation of substances; Participant in many chemical reactions
, Essential Nutrients:
● Body can synthesize lipid cholesterol and fat, but about 50 nutrients are essential
● Deficiency disease: nutrients are missing from diet
● Scurvy:Vitamin C deficiency
Water Glucose
Vitamins Minerals Fats that contain linoleic and
alpha linolenic acids
A Calcium
B Vitamins Chloride
Thiamin Chromium
Riboflavin Copper Components of proteins (amin
acids)
Niacin Iodine
Pantothenic acid Iron
Biotin Magnesium Histidine
Folate Manganese Leucine
B-6 Molybdenum Isoleucine
B-12 Phosphorus Lysine
Choline Potassium Methionine
C Selenium Phenylalanine
D** Sodium Threonine
E Sulfur Tryptophan
K Zinc Valine
