1
Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) with
Complete Solutions
How to figure out horizontal distance with stadia hairs - -Subtract lower
stadia hair reading from upper, then multiply by 100.
What is a US Survey foot? (on formula sheet already) - -Expressed as a
fraction: 1200/3937 m
1 US survey foot = 0.30480061
(Take inverse to get meters to feet... 1/0.30480061)
What is an International (Standard) Foot? (on formula sheet already) - -
Expressed as a decimal:
1 Int. Foot = 0.30480000 m.
(Take inverse... 1/0.30480000)
1 meter = 3.280839 Int. ft.
What is a Gradian? - -An entire circle (360 degrees) is 400 gradians
(gon). Therefore, a 90 degree angle is 100 grad.
1 grad = 00 deg. 54'.... Or.... 1 gradian = 0.9 deg
How many miles for one degree of latitude? - -One degree of latitude is
69 miles
,2
How to convert inches to tenths of a foot (decimal feet)? - -Take inch
value and divide by 12
What is a rod? - -1 rod = 16.5 feet
How many feet in a yard? - -3 feet
How to figure out sum of interior angles of any closed polygon - -n-
2(180)
How to figure out total exterior angles of a closed polygon - -(n+2)180
How many feet in a meter? - -3.281 feet (take the inverse of the
international foot on the formula sheet)
Cosecant is... - -= arcsin..... sin
Secant is... - -= arccos.... cos
The distance formula (Inversing) - -Sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2) or
Sqrt((y2-y1)^2+(x2-xs1)^2)
,3
Cartesian Coordinate Systems are also called...? - -Rectangular
Coordinate Systems
What is a range pole? - -IS NOT A LEVELING ROD!!! The stripes on it
alternate white and black, and it marks the position of stations for sightings (it
is a marker). It is the pole that a prism is attached to.
What is a theodolite? - -Can rotate along vertical (zenith axis) and
horizontal axis (trunnion axis). ONLY measure angles, not distances.
Same as a transit, but more accurate.
It is not robotic. A "regular" theodolite has no electronic capabilities.
A 1" theodolite means it is accurate to +or- 1"
What is a digital theodolite? - -A theodolite with electronic capabilities
(a screen and interface). We used this in plane surveying lab.
What is a total station? - -Measures both angles and distances... (i.e... A
theodolite combined with distance measuring capabilities). Needs a prism for
the distances.
We used this in plane surveying lab.
, 4
What is a dumpy level? - -It is purely an optical leveling instrument, no
robotic capabilities. Purely rely on level vials to orient lines of sight (the level
bubble IS the level vial). Only orients in the direction of gravity.
Rarely used anymore
What is an auto level? - -Has an automatic compensator built in (a
pendulum) to correct for slightly "off level" lines of sight (what I use currently,
in labs, and at internships)
Compensator pendulum swings forward correcting for line of sight if
telescope tilts down. Vice versa for if the telescope is tilted up.
No electronic capabilities
What is a digital level? - -A robotic leveling instrument that reads bar
codes on the rod.
What is a Philadelphia rod? - -A leveling rod consisting of two sliding
sections. The rod fully collapsed will read up to 7 ft. The rod fully extended will
read up to 13 ft. The rod MUST be extended all the way or rod reading error will
occur.
In hundredths of a foot.
Fundamentals of Surveying (FS) with
Complete Solutions
How to figure out horizontal distance with stadia hairs - -Subtract lower
stadia hair reading from upper, then multiply by 100.
What is a US Survey foot? (on formula sheet already) - -Expressed as a
fraction: 1200/3937 m
1 US survey foot = 0.30480061
(Take inverse to get meters to feet... 1/0.30480061)
What is an International (Standard) Foot? (on formula sheet already) - -
Expressed as a decimal:
1 Int. Foot = 0.30480000 m.
(Take inverse... 1/0.30480000)
1 meter = 3.280839 Int. ft.
What is a Gradian? - -An entire circle (360 degrees) is 400 gradians
(gon). Therefore, a 90 degree angle is 100 grad.
1 grad = 00 deg. 54'.... Or.... 1 gradian = 0.9 deg
How many miles for one degree of latitude? - -One degree of latitude is
69 miles
,2
How to convert inches to tenths of a foot (decimal feet)? - -Take inch
value and divide by 12
What is a rod? - -1 rod = 16.5 feet
How many feet in a yard? - -3 feet
How to figure out sum of interior angles of any closed polygon - -n-
2(180)
How to figure out total exterior angles of a closed polygon - -(n+2)180
How many feet in a meter? - -3.281 feet (take the inverse of the
international foot on the formula sheet)
Cosecant is... - -= arcsin..... sin
Secant is... - -= arccos.... cos
The distance formula (Inversing) - -Sqrt((x2-x1)^2+(y2-y1)^2) or
Sqrt((y2-y1)^2+(x2-xs1)^2)
,3
Cartesian Coordinate Systems are also called...? - -Rectangular
Coordinate Systems
What is a range pole? - -IS NOT A LEVELING ROD!!! The stripes on it
alternate white and black, and it marks the position of stations for sightings (it
is a marker). It is the pole that a prism is attached to.
What is a theodolite? - -Can rotate along vertical (zenith axis) and
horizontal axis (trunnion axis). ONLY measure angles, not distances.
Same as a transit, but more accurate.
It is not robotic. A "regular" theodolite has no electronic capabilities.
A 1" theodolite means it is accurate to +or- 1"
What is a digital theodolite? - -A theodolite with electronic capabilities
(a screen and interface). We used this in plane surveying lab.
What is a total station? - -Measures both angles and distances... (i.e... A
theodolite combined with distance measuring capabilities). Needs a prism for
the distances.
We used this in plane surveying lab.
, 4
What is a dumpy level? - -It is purely an optical leveling instrument, no
robotic capabilities. Purely rely on level vials to orient lines of sight (the level
bubble IS the level vial). Only orients in the direction of gravity.
Rarely used anymore
What is an auto level? - -Has an automatic compensator built in (a
pendulum) to correct for slightly "off level" lines of sight (what I use currently,
in labs, and at internships)
Compensator pendulum swings forward correcting for line of sight if
telescope tilts down. Vice versa for if the telescope is tilted up.
No electronic capabilities
What is a digital level? - -A robotic leveling instrument that reads bar
codes on the rod.
What is a Philadelphia rod? - -A leveling rod consisting of two sliding
sections. The rod fully collapsed will read up to 7 ft. The rod fully extended will
read up to 13 ft. The rod MUST be extended all the way or rod reading error will
occur.
In hundredths of a foot.
