NUR 565 EXAM 1 LATEST 2025 ACTUAL EXAM TEST BANK| COMPLETE 40
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GRADED A
1. an innate and automatic response inflammation
to cell injury
2. what four things does inflamma- 1. neutralizes harmful agents
tion do? 2. Removes damaged and dead tissue
3. Generates new tissue
4. promotes healing
3. triggered by noxious stimuli (in- Acute inflammation
fection or tissue injury); it is rapid
in onset and short duration
-->characterized by exudation of
fluid and plasma proteins and em-
igration of leukocytes
4. longer duration and is associated Chronic inflammation
with the proliferation of blood ves-
sels (forming of new blood cells),
tissue necrosis and fibrosis (scar-
ring)
5. what is the primary leukocyte for neutrophils
acute inflammation?
6. what are the primary leukocytes macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells
for chronic inflammation?
7. What cells are involved in the in- Cells involved in the inflammatory process include en-
flammatory process? dothelial cells (cells that line the blood cells), circulat-
ing platelets and leukocytes (white blood cells), cells
in the connective tissue (mast cells, fibroblasts, tissue
macrophages), and components of the extracellular ma-
trix.
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
8. Describe endothelial cells (7 - single cells that line blood vessels
things) - smooth
-nonthrombogenic
- does the vasodilation and constriction
- selective permeability
- barrier
- synthesize & release inflammatory mediators
9. Small, membrane-bound disks cir- Platelets
culating in the blood that play an
active role in normal hemostasis
10. When platelets are activated, what proteins are released
happens?
11. most numerous (60-70%), first Neutrophils
cells to appear at site of acute
inflammation, capable of phago-
cytizing bacteria and debris, dis-
appear within 24 to 48 hours via
apoptosis; 3-5 lobe nucleus; do
not stain
12. 2% to 3% of circulating leukocytes Eosinophils
(WBCs), stain pink, slower mobili-
ty, appear at site of acute inflam-
mation 2 to 3 hours after neu-
trophils, granules toxic against
worms that cannot be phagocy-
tized, play important role in aller-
gic reactions, longer life so pre-
sent in chronic inflammation, too
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
13. < 1% of circulating WBCs, most Basophils
prominent in allergic reactions
mediated by IgE-binding of IgE
triggers release of histamine and
vasoactive agents from basophil
granules; stain blue
14. Come from same stem cells as Mast cells
basophils but do not develop un-
til they leave the circulation and
lodge in tissue sites; most preva-
lent along mucosal surfaces; This
distribution places them in a sen-
tinel position between environ-
mental antigens and the host for
a variety of acute and chronic in-
flammatory conditions
15. What happens when mast cells activation of mast cells results in the release of the per-
are activated? formed contents of their granules (histamines, proteas-
es, cytokines, growth factors & synthesis of lipid me-
diators & tumor necrosis factor); release of mast cells
also stimulate cyokine and chemokine synthesis by other
inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages
16. macrophages; account for 3 to 8% Monocytes
of circulating WBCs; half life is
about 24 hours after which they
migrate to site of injury and ma-
ture into larger macrophages to
become more phagocytic. Linked
to atherosclerosis
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
17. What do mono- Produce vasoactive mediators including prostaglandins
cytes/macrophages produce? and leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor (PAF), cy-
tokines, and growth factors to help regenerate tissue.
Help start healing process, play a role in chronic inflam-
mation.
18. Describe T lymphocytes Macrophages display antigen to T cells and the
macrophages produce cytokines that stimulate T-cell re-
sponse. Activated T Cells in turn, produce cytokines that
activate macrophages, increasing antigen presentation
and further cytokine production the result is a perpet-
uating cycle of cellular responses that fuel and sustain
chronic inflammation
(T cell = cytokines)
19. Describe B lymphocytes Plasma cells develop from B lymphocytes that have be-
come activated after encountering an antigen and re-
ceiving T cell help. In the inflammatory site, they produce
antibodies directed against persistent antigens and al-
tered tissue components. In some intense chronic in-
flammatory reactions, plasma cells and other lympho-
cytes may accumulate to form germinal centers that
resemble lymph nodes
(B cell = antibodies)
20. the early or almost immediate re- acute inflammation
action of local tissues and their
blood vessels to injury
21. what is the goal of acute inflam- remove the harmful agent and injured tissue & limit
mation? extent of tissue damage so that tissue repair can take
place
REAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT VERIFIED ANSWERS/ GRADED A
1. an innate and automatic response inflammation
to cell injury
2. what four things does inflamma- 1. neutralizes harmful agents
tion do? 2. Removes damaged and dead tissue
3. Generates new tissue
4. promotes healing
3. triggered by noxious stimuli (in- Acute inflammation
fection or tissue injury); it is rapid
in onset and short duration
-->characterized by exudation of
fluid and plasma proteins and em-
igration of leukocytes
4. longer duration and is associated Chronic inflammation
with the proliferation of blood ves-
sels (forming of new blood cells),
tissue necrosis and fibrosis (scar-
ring)
5. what is the primary leukocyte for neutrophils
acute inflammation?
6. what are the primary leukocytes macrophages, lymphocytes, eosinophils and mast cells
for chronic inflammation?
7. What cells are involved in the in- Cells involved in the inflammatory process include en-
flammatory process? dothelial cells (cells that line the blood cells), circulat-
ing platelets and leukocytes (white blood cells), cells
in the connective tissue (mast cells, fibroblasts, tissue
macrophages), and components of the extracellular ma-
trix.
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
8. Describe endothelial cells (7 - single cells that line blood vessels
things) - smooth
-nonthrombogenic
- does the vasodilation and constriction
- selective permeability
- barrier
- synthesize & release inflammatory mediators
9. Small, membrane-bound disks cir- Platelets
culating in the blood that play an
active role in normal hemostasis
10. When platelets are activated, what proteins are released
happens?
11. most numerous (60-70%), first Neutrophils
cells to appear at site of acute
inflammation, capable of phago-
cytizing bacteria and debris, dis-
appear within 24 to 48 hours via
apoptosis; 3-5 lobe nucleus; do
not stain
12. 2% to 3% of circulating leukocytes Eosinophils
(WBCs), stain pink, slower mobili-
ty, appear at site of acute inflam-
mation 2 to 3 hours after neu-
trophils, granules toxic against
worms that cannot be phagocy-
tized, play important role in aller-
gic reactions, longer life so pre-
sent in chronic inflammation, too
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
13. < 1% of circulating WBCs, most Basophils
prominent in allergic reactions
mediated by IgE-binding of IgE
triggers release of histamine and
vasoactive agents from basophil
granules; stain blue
14. Come from same stem cells as Mast cells
basophils but do not develop un-
til they leave the circulation and
lodge in tissue sites; most preva-
lent along mucosal surfaces; This
distribution places them in a sen-
tinel position between environ-
mental antigens and the host for
a variety of acute and chronic in-
flammatory conditions
15. What happens when mast cells activation of mast cells results in the release of the per-
are activated? formed contents of their granules (histamines, proteas-
es, cytokines, growth factors & synthesis of lipid me-
diators & tumor necrosis factor); release of mast cells
also stimulate cyokine and chemokine synthesis by other
inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages
16. macrophages; account for 3 to 8% Monocytes
of circulating WBCs; half life is
about 24 hours after which they
migrate to site of injury and ma-
ture into larger macrophages to
become more phagocytic. Linked
to atherosclerosis
, NUR 565 Exam 1 Latest 2025
17. What do mono- Produce vasoactive mediators including prostaglandins
cytes/macrophages produce? and leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor (PAF), cy-
tokines, and growth factors to help regenerate tissue.
Help start healing process, play a role in chronic inflam-
mation.
18. Describe T lymphocytes Macrophages display antigen to T cells and the
macrophages produce cytokines that stimulate T-cell re-
sponse. Activated T Cells in turn, produce cytokines that
activate macrophages, increasing antigen presentation
and further cytokine production the result is a perpet-
uating cycle of cellular responses that fuel and sustain
chronic inflammation
(T cell = cytokines)
19. Describe B lymphocytes Plasma cells develop from B lymphocytes that have be-
come activated after encountering an antigen and re-
ceiving T cell help. In the inflammatory site, they produce
antibodies directed against persistent antigens and al-
tered tissue components. In some intense chronic in-
flammatory reactions, plasma cells and other lympho-
cytes may accumulate to form germinal centers that
resemble lymph nodes
(B cell = antibodies)
20. the early or almost immediate re- acute inflammation
action of local tissues and their
blood vessels to injury
21. what is the goal of acute inflam- remove the harmful agent and injured tissue & limit
mation? extent of tissue damage so that tissue repair can take
place
