NDT ACTUAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2025/2026 GRADED A+
NDT is referred to as what - Bobath approach
Bc it was developed by Berta and Karel Bobath
What are the problems seen with difficulty with sequencing - -Activate muscles in the
wrong sequences
-Muscles firing in opposition to the movement
-Prolonged contraction in a movement
-Firing wrong muscle
Ex: pectoralis major kicks in first (UE extension synergy)
What is associated reaction - overflow of movement
-Widespread contractile activity in same body segment or in other body segments such
as the unaffected side
-Part of normal development
-Can also be an indication that the task requirements are greater than the client can
handle to be self organizing
what is an example of negative symtpoms - insufficient force generation- weakeness
What are the primary and secondary causes of the negative symptom of the inability to
generate enough force for posture & movement WEAKNESS - *primary*
-Insufficient descending neural activity converging on spinal motor neuron pool
-Reduced number of motor units
-Difficulty modulating firing frequency
*Secondary causes*
-Atrophy from disuse
-Atypical development of fiber type
Impaired Anticipatory Postural Control - (negative symptom)
Generation of force prior to intended movement to set posture
-Need to anticipate force, velocity, and direction of intended movement and objects
involved
-Difficulty wt. shifting to adjust posture
-Can not anticipate postural shift needed to engage in an reach so they don't do it
-Difficulty moving in and out of postures
Secondary causes:
-Inability to engage in one's environment or at will.
-Increases risk for falls
Hypokinesia - poverty of movement (negative symptom)
, What are the sterotypical movement of hypokinesia - -There is a lack fluidity, variety, or
complexity
-Ranges of movement small
-Usually flexion & extension without rotation
-Difficulty getting in and out of postures
Adults with stroke have paucity of movement
(hypokinesia) - -Do not automatically adjust posture in sitting (risk of pressure sores and
decubiti)
-Tend to have all their weight on affected side in sitting
-Do not spontaneously practice movements
-Results in malalignment of posture - pelvic obliquity, scoliosis, kyphosis. See problems
affecting cervical and lower extremities
What is a loss of Fractionated/Dissociated Movements - Difficulty making precise,
isolated, independent joint movements
What are the results in sterotypic patterns for loss of Fractionated/Dissociated
Movements - Loss of hand dexterity
Loss of trunk rotation
Loss of movement in mid ranges
What are problems that result from sensory impairments - tactile, proprioceptive,
vestibular, visual
On the affected side inability to:
-Detect & identify incoming information
-Interpret input: A fly can go on the unaffected side and they can react, but if it is on the
affected side the input and output is affected so they will not respond
-Modulate inputs to match task & environmental demands
-Match information with experience, memory, & specific tasks
NDT's view of movement Control Problems after Stroke include what? - -A loss in
postural control
-Abnormal tone
-Inability to activate muscles automatically to maintain body in balance at rest and
during movement
A loss of postural control after a stroke results in what - -Difficulty shifting weight
-Difficulty maintaining stable body position against gravity
-Difficulty activating equilibrium responses when balance is challenged
-When you can not weight shift you see little steps. When you weight shift evenly you
will have normal step length
2025/2026 GRADED A+
NDT is referred to as what - Bobath approach
Bc it was developed by Berta and Karel Bobath
What are the problems seen with difficulty with sequencing - -Activate muscles in the
wrong sequences
-Muscles firing in opposition to the movement
-Prolonged contraction in a movement
-Firing wrong muscle
Ex: pectoralis major kicks in first (UE extension synergy)
What is associated reaction - overflow of movement
-Widespread contractile activity in same body segment or in other body segments such
as the unaffected side
-Part of normal development
-Can also be an indication that the task requirements are greater than the client can
handle to be self organizing
what is an example of negative symtpoms - insufficient force generation- weakeness
What are the primary and secondary causes of the negative symptom of the inability to
generate enough force for posture & movement WEAKNESS - *primary*
-Insufficient descending neural activity converging on spinal motor neuron pool
-Reduced number of motor units
-Difficulty modulating firing frequency
*Secondary causes*
-Atrophy from disuse
-Atypical development of fiber type
Impaired Anticipatory Postural Control - (negative symptom)
Generation of force prior to intended movement to set posture
-Need to anticipate force, velocity, and direction of intended movement and objects
involved
-Difficulty wt. shifting to adjust posture
-Can not anticipate postural shift needed to engage in an reach so they don't do it
-Difficulty moving in and out of postures
Secondary causes:
-Inability to engage in one's environment or at will.
-Increases risk for falls
Hypokinesia - poverty of movement (negative symptom)
, What are the sterotypical movement of hypokinesia - -There is a lack fluidity, variety, or
complexity
-Ranges of movement small
-Usually flexion & extension without rotation
-Difficulty getting in and out of postures
Adults with stroke have paucity of movement
(hypokinesia) - -Do not automatically adjust posture in sitting (risk of pressure sores and
decubiti)
-Tend to have all their weight on affected side in sitting
-Do not spontaneously practice movements
-Results in malalignment of posture - pelvic obliquity, scoliosis, kyphosis. See problems
affecting cervical and lower extremities
What is a loss of Fractionated/Dissociated Movements - Difficulty making precise,
isolated, independent joint movements
What are the results in sterotypic patterns for loss of Fractionated/Dissociated
Movements - Loss of hand dexterity
Loss of trunk rotation
Loss of movement in mid ranges
What are problems that result from sensory impairments - tactile, proprioceptive,
vestibular, visual
On the affected side inability to:
-Detect & identify incoming information
-Interpret input: A fly can go on the unaffected side and they can react, but if it is on the
affected side the input and output is affected so they will not respond
-Modulate inputs to match task & environmental demands
-Match information with experience, memory, & specific tasks
NDT's view of movement Control Problems after Stroke include what? - -A loss in
postural control
-Abnormal tone
-Inability to activate muscles automatically to maintain body in balance at rest and
during movement
A loss of postural control after a stroke results in what - -Difficulty shifting weight
-Difficulty maintaining stable body position against gravity
-Difficulty activating equilibrium responses when balance is challenged
-When you can not weight shift you see little steps. When you weight shift evenly you
will have normal step length
