NUR 529 EXAM 2 (2025/2026)
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis - ANSWER -onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6
weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days
and characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever,
pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
2. most common complication of infectious mononucleosis - ANSWER
splenomegaly (50-60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
3. diagnosing infectious mononucleosis - ANSWER monospot testing for
heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
4. Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER -painless enlargement
of single node or group of nodes (typically at level of diaphragm: neck,
supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
, -pruritus and intermittent night fevers
5. Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER Reed-Sternberg cells
present in biopsy of lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too
small to see on CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of
disseminated diseases
6. Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER localized disease is treated
with radiation
advanced disease may use combined approach of radiation, chemotherapy,
and biotherapy
7. Definition of preload - ANSWER aka ventricular filling; considered the end-
diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled
represents the volume work of the heart; work or load imposed on the heart
before contraction begins & represents the amount of blood the heart must
pump with every beat
8. Conditions that increase preload - ANSWER cardiogenic shock
mitral or aortic regurgitation
bradycardia
hypertension
dilated cardiomyopathy
heart failure
9. Definition of afterload - ANSWER pressure in which the muscle exerts its
contractile force in order to move blood into the aorta
the work presented to the heart after contraction
10.Conditions that increase afterload - ANSWER increased afterload is related
to increased wall tension; wall tension increases due to wall becoming
thinner or increasing in radius (dilated cardiomyopathy)
hypertension
aortic stenosis or regurgitation
, mitral regurgitation
atherosclerosis
cardiogenic shock
heart failure
11.Definition of contractility - ANSWER refers to the ability of the heart to
change its force of contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length
12.How does contractility effect cardiac output - ANSWER any change in
contractility affects stroke volume (amount of blood pumped with each beat)
CO= SV x HR
think about comparison of a person with a normal myocardium to a person
with a stiff myocardium (dilated cardiomyopathy); you must have effective
contraction for effective CO
13.Path of blood through the heart and lungs - ANSWER superior/inferior vena
cava> right atrium> tricuspid valve> right ventricle> pulmonic valve>
pulmonary artery> Lungs (pulmonary circulation)> pulmonary vein> left
atrium> mitral valve> left ventricle> aortic valve> aorta> systemic
circulation
14.Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function - ANSWER -regulation of
cardiac function is mediated through intrinsic circulatory reflexes
(baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes), extrinsic reflexes (pain or cold),
and neural control pathways--> sympathetic response is channeled through
the hypothalamus
-neural control centers for modulation of cardiac function and blood pressure
are located bilaterally in medulla oblongata
-vasomotor center controls sympathetic-mediated ACCELERATION of
heart rate and blood vessel tone causing increased peripheral vascular
resistance and an increase in velocity and force of contractility which
ultimately increases CO; sympathetic fibers widely distributed in SA and
AV nodes and myocardium
-cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic-mediated SLOWING of
the heart rate; parasympathetic innervation (slowing) achieved by means of
vagus nerve
15.Epiglottitis - ANSWER life-threatening emergency characterized by sudden
inflammatory edema of supraglottic area including the epiglottis and
pharyngeal structures (upper airway)
, 16.characteristics of Epiglottitis - ANSWER child appears: pale, toxic,
lethargic, assumes distinctive position (sitting up with mouth open and chin
thrust forward), difficulty swallowing, muffled voice, drooling, fever,
extreme anxiety, inspiratory and sometimes expiratory stridor, nasal flaring,
inspiratory retractions of suprasternal notch and supraclavicular and
intercostal spaces
17.bronchiolitis - ANSWER acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower
airways, most commonly caused by RSV, producing inflammatory
obstruction of small airways and necrosis of cells lining the lower airways;
usually occurs during first 2 years of life with peak incidence between 3-6
months old; most have hx of mild upper respiratory tract infection; most
critical phase first 48-72 hrs
18.characteristics of bronchiolitis - ANSWER fever, diminished appetite,
gradual development of respiratory distress characterized by wheezy cough,
dyspnea, and irritability; infant able to take in sufficient air but has trouble
exhaling it; typical appearance marked by breathlessness with rapid
respirations, distressing cough, and retractions of lower ribs and sternum
exaggerated by crying and feeding
19.indication of impending respiratory failure in infant with bronchiolitis -
ANSWER cyanosis, pallor, listlessness, and sudden diminution or absence
of breath sounds
20.Diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia - ANSWER infection that
begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48 hours after admission
in person who has not resided in long-term care facility for 14 days or more
before admission;
in people < 65 y/o without coexisting disease, diagnosis based on H&P,
chest radiograph, and knowledge of microorganisms currently causing
infection in community
Sputum specimen for staining procedures and culture
admission to the hospital is needed if patient is sick enough that blood
cultures need to be drawn
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT DETAILED
ANSWERS || ALREADY GRADED A+
<BRAND NEW VERSION>
1. Clinical Course of Infectious Mononucleosis - ANSWER -onset is insidious
-incubation period (from exposure to the development of symptoms) 4-6
weeks
-prodromal period (early stage/symptom presentation) lasts for several days
and characterized by malaise, anorexia, and chills--> precedes onset of fever,
pharyngitis, and lymphadenopathy
-acute phase lasts 2-3 weeks with recovery occurring rapidly
-debility and lethargy may persist for 2-3 months
2. most common complication of infectious mononucleosis - ANSWER
splenomegaly (50-60% cases)
spleen enlarged 2-3 times normal size
rupture is rare; educate to avoid contact sports
3. diagnosing infectious mononucleosis - ANSWER monospot testing for
heterophile antibodies (hallmark)
IgM and IgG increased early in disease
4. Manifestations of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER -painless enlargement
of single node or group of nodes (typically at level of diaphragm: neck,
supraclavicular, axilla)
-mediastinal mass (c/o chest discomfort with cough or dyspnea)
-fever, chills, night sweats, and weight loss
, -pruritus and intermittent night fevers
5. Diagnosis of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER Reed-Sternberg cells
present in biopsy of lymph tissue
-bipedal lymphangiogram detects structural changes of lymph nodes too
small to see on CT
-bilateral bone marrow biopsy performed on patient's suspected of
disseminated diseases
6. Treatment of Hodgkin's Lymphoma - ANSWER localized disease is treated
with radiation
advanced disease may use combined approach of radiation, chemotherapy,
and biotherapy
7. Definition of preload - ANSWER aka ventricular filling; considered the end-
diastolic pressure when the ventricle has been filled
represents the volume work of the heart; work or load imposed on the heart
before contraction begins & represents the amount of blood the heart must
pump with every beat
8. Conditions that increase preload - ANSWER cardiogenic shock
mitral or aortic regurgitation
bradycardia
hypertension
dilated cardiomyopathy
heart failure
9. Definition of afterload - ANSWER pressure in which the muscle exerts its
contractile force in order to move blood into the aorta
the work presented to the heart after contraction
10.Conditions that increase afterload - ANSWER increased afterload is related
to increased wall tension; wall tension increases due to wall becoming
thinner or increasing in radius (dilated cardiomyopathy)
hypertension
aortic stenosis or regurgitation
, mitral regurgitation
atherosclerosis
cardiogenic shock
heart failure
11.Definition of contractility - ANSWER refers to the ability of the heart to
change its force of contraction without changing its resting (diastolic) length
12.How does contractility effect cardiac output - ANSWER any change in
contractility affects stroke volume (amount of blood pumped with each beat)
CO= SV x HR
think about comparison of a person with a normal myocardium to a person
with a stiff myocardium (dilated cardiomyopathy); you must have effective
contraction for effective CO
13.Path of blood through the heart and lungs - ANSWER superior/inferior vena
cava> right atrium> tricuspid valve> right ventricle> pulmonic valve>
pulmonary artery> Lungs (pulmonary circulation)> pulmonary vein> left
atrium> mitral valve> left ventricle> aortic valve> aorta> systemic
circulation
14.Autonomic Regulation of Cardiac Function - ANSWER -regulation of
cardiac function is mediated through intrinsic circulatory reflexes
(baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes), extrinsic reflexes (pain or cold),
and neural control pathways--> sympathetic response is channeled through
the hypothalamus
-neural control centers for modulation of cardiac function and blood pressure
are located bilaterally in medulla oblongata
-vasomotor center controls sympathetic-mediated ACCELERATION of
heart rate and blood vessel tone causing increased peripheral vascular
resistance and an increase in velocity and force of contractility which
ultimately increases CO; sympathetic fibers widely distributed in SA and
AV nodes and myocardium
-cardioinhibitory center controls parasympathetic-mediated SLOWING of
the heart rate; parasympathetic innervation (slowing) achieved by means of
vagus nerve
15.Epiglottitis - ANSWER life-threatening emergency characterized by sudden
inflammatory edema of supraglottic area including the epiglottis and
pharyngeal structures (upper airway)
, 16.characteristics of Epiglottitis - ANSWER child appears: pale, toxic,
lethargic, assumes distinctive position (sitting up with mouth open and chin
thrust forward), difficulty swallowing, muffled voice, drooling, fever,
extreme anxiety, inspiratory and sometimes expiratory stridor, nasal flaring,
inspiratory retractions of suprasternal notch and supraclavicular and
intercostal spaces
17.bronchiolitis - ANSWER acute bronchiolitis is a viral infection of the lower
airways, most commonly caused by RSV, producing inflammatory
obstruction of small airways and necrosis of cells lining the lower airways;
usually occurs during first 2 years of life with peak incidence between 3-6
months old; most have hx of mild upper respiratory tract infection; most
critical phase first 48-72 hrs
18.characteristics of bronchiolitis - ANSWER fever, diminished appetite,
gradual development of respiratory distress characterized by wheezy cough,
dyspnea, and irritability; infant able to take in sufficient air but has trouble
exhaling it; typical appearance marked by breathlessness with rapid
respirations, distressing cough, and retractions of lower ribs and sternum
exaggerated by crying and feeding
19.indication of impending respiratory failure in infant with bronchiolitis -
ANSWER cyanosis, pallor, listlessness, and sudden diminution or absence
of breath sounds
20.Diagnosis of community acquired pneumonia - ANSWER infection that
begins outside the hospital or is diagnosed within 48 hours after admission
in person who has not resided in long-term care facility for 14 days or more
before admission;
in people < 65 y/o without coexisting disease, diagnosis based on H&P,
chest radiograph, and knowledge of microorganisms currently causing
infection in community
Sputum specimen for staining procedures and culture
admission to the hospital is needed if patient is sick enough that blood
cultures need to be drawn
