NR501 WEEK 8: NURSING THEORY QUIZ| NR 501 WEEK 8 NURSING
THEORY QUIZ (SOLUTIONS).(2025)
What cells are responsible for the process of phagocytosis? - (ANSWER)Neutrophils and
macrophages
What is phagocytosis? - (ANSWER)cellular eating
What is exudate? - (ANSWER)Also known as pus. This is fluid that leaks out of the blood
vessels. This fluid is produced during the inflammatory response and is trapped in the lymph
nodes.
What causes redness on the skin due to inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)The small blood
vessels becoming dilated.
What is cyanotic heart disease? - (ANSWER)This is heart disease where there is not enough
oxygen in the blood.
What is acyanotic? - (ANSWER)There is enough oxygen in the blood however it is not being
pumped correctly around the body.
Spell apoptosis - (ANSWER)A p o p t o s i s
What causes pain? - (ANSWER)Prostaglandins and bradykinis
What does the accumulation of fluid from increased blood vessel permeability cause? -
(ANSWER)Swelling
What is the blood test known as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate? (ESR) - (ANSWER)This is a
measure of inflammation test. It's value is determined by how long it takes for red blood cells to
settle to the bottom of a test tube.
,Term for infectious disease passed from animals to humans? - (ANSWER)Zoonosis
What bacteria will show a purple colour on staining. Indicating that the bacteria will likely be
susceptible to antibiotics? - (ANSWER)Gram positive bacteria
What are Lymphocytes? - (ANSWER)This is the name given to T and B cells. These are cells
found in adaptive immunity.
What are dendritic cells? - (ANSWER)They stimulate the T cell response by presenting
fragments of pathogens. Important cell to the lymph nodes.
What is the neutrophil cell? - (ANSWER)They perform phagocytosis (cell eating) and form a
huge part of the whit blood cell count. They arrive at the site of infection during the
inflammatory phase.
What is a macrophage cell? - (ANSWER)They are in nearly all the body tissues. They stimulate
both the innate and adaptive immune responses. They secrete cytokines and phagocytosis. They
also work to remove dead cells.
What are mast cells? - (ANSWER)They produce histamine. They are mostly found in the skin
and mucous. Linked to allergy and acute inflammation.
What is a monocyte? - (ANSWER)A young white blood cell that will become a macrophage.
What is the prodromal phase? - (ANSWER)The stage of illness associated with initial symptoms
but not it's vague and non specific symptoms.
Antigen is the short term for? - (ANSWER)Antibody generator.
, What is the key roll of B cells? - (ANSWER)Antibody production. Fight pathogens before they
can take over self-cells. They do this by cloning themselves. They are stimulated by T helper
cells.
What is a B-memory cell? - (ANSWER)These are B cells that don't clone and produce
antibodies. They remain in the lymph nodes as a memory of how to fight a bacterial infection.
What is opsonisation when considering antibodies? - (ANSWER)This is when antibodies coat
the pathogen and enhance the pathocytes to highlight them to macrophages.
What is neutralisation? - (ANSWER)When antibodies cover the pathogen in a way which
prevents it being able to interact with any of the hosts cells.
What is complement fixation? - (ANSWER)It so when antibodies coat the pathogen which then
activates the blood progenies to kill the pathogen.
What is the main role of the T-helper cell? (CD4+ cell) - (ANSWER)To activate specific B cells
to respond to infection and produce antibodies.
What type of immunity is 'when a child is exposed to chickenpox'? - (ANSWER)Active
What type of immunity is 'a person is given a intramuscular injection' - (ANSWER)Passive
immunity
What is cardiogenic shock? - (ANSWER)Occurs in acute heart disease when damaged heart
muscle cannot maintain good cardiac output.
What is hypovolaemic shock? - (ANSWER)This occurs when the blood volume is reduced by
15-25%. This causes low cardiac output. This may occur when someone suffers a haemorrhage.
THEORY QUIZ (SOLUTIONS).(2025)
What cells are responsible for the process of phagocytosis? - (ANSWER)Neutrophils and
macrophages
What is phagocytosis? - (ANSWER)cellular eating
What is exudate? - (ANSWER)Also known as pus. This is fluid that leaks out of the blood
vessels. This fluid is produced during the inflammatory response and is trapped in the lymph
nodes.
What causes redness on the skin due to inflammatory response? - (ANSWER)The small blood
vessels becoming dilated.
What is cyanotic heart disease? - (ANSWER)This is heart disease where there is not enough
oxygen in the blood.
What is acyanotic? - (ANSWER)There is enough oxygen in the blood however it is not being
pumped correctly around the body.
Spell apoptosis - (ANSWER)A p o p t o s i s
What causes pain? - (ANSWER)Prostaglandins and bradykinis
What does the accumulation of fluid from increased blood vessel permeability cause? -
(ANSWER)Swelling
What is the blood test known as Erythrocyte sedimentation rate? (ESR) - (ANSWER)This is a
measure of inflammation test. It's value is determined by how long it takes for red blood cells to
settle to the bottom of a test tube.
,Term for infectious disease passed from animals to humans? - (ANSWER)Zoonosis
What bacteria will show a purple colour on staining. Indicating that the bacteria will likely be
susceptible to antibiotics? - (ANSWER)Gram positive bacteria
What are Lymphocytes? - (ANSWER)This is the name given to T and B cells. These are cells
found in adaptive immunity.
What are dendritic cells? - (ANSWER)They stimulate the T cell response by presenting
fragments of pathogens. Important cell to the lymph nodes.
What is the neutrophil cell? - (ANSWER)They perform phagocytosis (cell eating) and form a
huge part of the whit blood cell count. They arrive at the site of infection during the
inflammatory phase.
What is a macrophage cell? - (ANSWER)They are in nearly all the body tissues. They stimulate
both the innate and adaptive immune responses. They secrete cytokines and phagocytosis. They
also work to remove dead cells.
What are mast cells? - (ANSWER)They produce histamine. They are mostly found in the skin
and mucous. Linked to allergy and acute inflammation.
What is a monocyte? - (ANSWER)A young white blood cell that will become a macrophage.
What is the prodromal phase? - (ANSWER)The stage of illness associated with initial symptoms
but not it's vague and non specific symptoms.
Antigen is the short term for? - (ANSWER)Antibody generator.
, What is the key roll of B cells? - (ANSWER)Antibody production. Fight pathogens before they
can take over self-cells. They do this by cloning themselves. They are stimulated by T helper
cells.
What is a B-memory cell? - (ANSWER)These are B cells that don't clone and produce
antibodies. They remain in the lymph nodes as a memory of how to fight a bacterial infection.
What is opsonisation when considering antibodies? - (ANSWER)This is when antibodies coat
the pathogen and enhance the pathocytes to highlight them to macrophages.
What is neutralisation? - (ANSWER)When antibodies cover the pathogen in a way which
prevents it being able to interact with any of the hosts cells.
What is complement fixation? - (ANSWER)It so when antibodies coat the pathogen which then
activates the blood progenies to kill the pathogen.
What is the main role of the T-helper cell? (CD4+ cell) - (ANSWER)To activate specific B cells
to respond to infection and produce antibodies.
What type of immunity is 'when a child is exposed to chickenpox'? - (ANSWER)Active
What type of immunity is 'a person is given a intramuscular injection' - (ANSWER)Passive
immunity
What is cardiogenic shock? - (ANSWER)Occurs in acute heart disease when damaged heart
muscle cannot maintain good cardiac output.
What is hypovolaemic shock? - (ANSWER)This occurs when the blood volume is reduced by
15-25%. This causes low cardiac output. This may occur when someone suffers a haemorrhage.
