POS U.S. Government Final Exam 4..docx

POS U.S. Government Final Exam 4.

The rule of an elite few for their own interests is called a/an: - ANS >> Oligarchy
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Before it was an empire, what was ancient Rome? - ANS >> It was a Republic
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In addition to social contract theory, what are two other concepts taken from classical liberalism
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mwhich influenced the Founding generation? - ANS >> Separation of powers and free markets
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Which theorists made the first and most influential efforts to explain how mixed governments can
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work in practice? - ANS >> Thomas Hobbes and John Locke
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Who were the Pilgrims? - ANS >> Middling English Puritans who settled in New England in order to
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avoid religious persecution in the home country
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What two concepts does classical liberalism favor? - ANS >> Limited government and individual
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rights
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What is social contract theory? - ANS >> An argument that the legitimate origin of government is
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in the agreement of a free people
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Who is the legitimate source of political authority, according to the idea of individualism? - ANS >>
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The people
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A republic combines principles from monarchy, aristocracy, and democracy. - ANS >> True
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A modern definition of "democracy" would include reliance on free elections to select public
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mofficials and to affect the direction of public policy. - ANS >> True
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What uprising convinced Americans to support a stronger national government? - ANS >> Shay's
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Rebellion
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The assignment of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to different institutions is an example
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mof: - ANS >> separation of powers
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In a representative government the people elect representative(s) to conduct the business of
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mgovernment. - ANS >> True m m m m




What was purpose of the Preamble to the Constitution? - ANS >> To declare the Constitution an
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act of the sovereign people (rather than of sovereign states) and to explicate the goals of the
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proposed government
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Which plan that was proposed as a model for the Constitution called for a unicameral legislature
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with equality of representation? - ANS >> The New Jersey Plan
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, In the Electoral College, what formula was utilized to set the number of electors? - ANS >>
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mEquivalent to the number of members of Congress with equality of representation as derived from
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mthe Senate and proportionality of representation as derived from the House
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In what sense did the original Bill of Rights protect rights and liberties? - ANS >> It protected
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mindividual rights and liberties from actions by the national government
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In the struggle to ratify the Constitution, how did the Federalists defend their argument that a Bill
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mof Rights was unnecessary? - ANS >> By using the "reserved powers theory," they said that
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mpowers not expressly granted to the national government by the federal Constitution would be
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mretained by the people and the states
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To which branch of government does the necessary and proper clause apply? - ANS >> The
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mCongress

What is federalism? - ANS >> A form of government where some powers are assigned to a
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national government, some are assigned to lower levels of government, and some are exercised
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concurrently by both levels of government
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Powers that belong to all sovereign nations, allowing their executives to take whatever measures
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mnecessary to defend a nation or protect its interests. - ANS >> Inherent Powers
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What was one way in which President Reagan "turned off the tap" regarding the growth in federal
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grants-in-aid and national mandates that had occurred under his immediate predecessors? - ANS
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>> Cutting federal taxes
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What are block grants? - ANS >> Federal funds made available to states and communities with
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wide discretion for how the money is spent in a broad substantive area of policy
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Categorical grants allow the states to spend money on any issue they categorize as a priority. -
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mANS >> False m m




What is the doctrine of nullification? - ANS >> The claim that states have the right to nullify
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national acts that they believe to be beyond national constitutional authority
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What is secession? - ANS >> The claim that states have the right to withdraw from the Union
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What is an example of a concurrent power? - ANS >> To tax
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What are the three categories of reserved powers regarding state governments? - ANS >> Police
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power, provision of services to citizens, and the creation/control of local governments
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Which of the following are two powers denied to the states? - ANS >> The power to keep armies
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and navies and the power to make treaties
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Approximately how many governments exist within the federal system of the United States? - ANS
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m>> More than 90,000
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