EVOLVE HESI PEDS PRACTICE EXAM
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
.
The most definitive measure of improved nutrition in an infant is obtaining the child's
daily weight (A). (B, C, and D) may also be useful, but they are not as definitive as a
daily weight measurement.
A three-month old boy weighing 10 lbs 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 98.9° F.
The nurse determines the daily caloric need for this child is approximately
400 calories per day.
500 calories per day.
600 calories per day.
700 calories per day. - ANSWER-600 calories per day.
10 lbs 15 oz = 10.9 lbs. Convert lbs to kg by dividing pounds by 2.2; 10.9/2.2 = 4.954
kg, rounded to 5 kg. An infant requires 108 calories/kg/day (108 × 5 = 540
calories/day). However, this infant requires 10% more calories because he has one
degree temperature elevation. 10% of 540 is 54 and 540 + 54 = 594. This infant will
require approximately 600 calories/day. Tough question! You know that 400 calories
are too few and 700 are too much, and a temperature elevation necessitates
consumption of more calories, so choose the higher of the two choices left!
Which measurements should be used to accurately calculate a pediatric medication
dosage? (Select all that apply.)
Child's height and weight.
Adult dosage of medication.
Body surface area of child.
Average adult's body surface area.
Average pediatric dosage of medication.
Nomogram determined mathematical constant. - ANSWER-Child's height and
weight.
Body surface area of child.
Nomogram determined mathematical constant.
Correct selections are (A, C, and F). The most accurate calculations of pediatric
dosages use the child's height and weight (A). The child's BSA is calculated using
the square root of weight in kg times height in cm divided by 3600 or the square root
of weight in lb times height in inches divided by 3131 (C), then the child's BSA is
multiplied by the recommended published dose per BSA. The nomogram (F) is used
to plot the child's height and weight, and the point at which they intersect is the BSA
mathematical constant used to calculate the child's dose. (B, D, and E) are not used
to calculate pediatric dosages.
The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old. What behavior indicates that the child's
language development is within normal limits?
, Is able to name four colors.
Can count five blocks.
Is capable of making a three word sentence.
Half of child's speech is understandable. - ANSWER-Half of child's speech is
understandable.
Between approximately 15 and 24 months of age, a child's speech is only half
understandable (D). (A and B) usually occur between 3 and 5 years of age. (C) is
usually accomplished by 18 months of age.
The nurse reviews the latest laboratory results for a child who received
chemotherapy last week and identifies a reduced neutrophil count. Which nursing
diagnosis has the highest priority for this child?
Risk for infection.
Risk for hemorrhage.
Altered skin integrity.
Disturbance in body image. - ANSWER-Risk for infection.
Chemotherapy (CT) suppresses phagocytotic neutrophils and places the child at risk
for infection (A), which is the priority nursing diagnosis. (B, C, and D) may be related
to the care of a child receiving CT are not related to neutropenia.
A child falls on the playground and is brought to the school nurse with a small
laceration on the forearm. Which action should the nurse implement first?
Slowly pour hydrogen peroxide over the open wound.
Apply ice to the area before rinsing with cold water.
Wash the wound gently with mild soap and water.
Gently cleanse with a sterile pad using povidone-iodine. - ANSWER-Wash the
wound gently with mild soap and water.
A small, superficial laceration to the skin should be washed gently with mild soap
and water (C) for several minutes, followed by thorough rinsing. (A and D) are
antiseptics that can be traumatic (painful) when cleaning fresh, open wounds.
Applying ice (B) may reduce or prevent further edema, but the wound should be
washed with mild soap and water first.
The nurse observes a 4-year-old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior would the
nurse consider normal for this child?
Has a temper tantrum when told he must share his toys.
Plays by himself most of the day.
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
Begins to cry and is fearful when separated from his parents. - ANSWER-
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
Four-year-old children are aggressive in their behavior and enjoy "tale telling" (C).
Behaviors in (A and D) are typical of toddlers. The play of a preschooler is
cooperative, so playing alone (B) is not typical.
, The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 3-year-old who is scheduled for a
cardiac catheterization. To assist in decreasing anxiety for the child on the day of the
procedure, which intervention is best for the nurse to implement?
Reassure the parents that 3-year-olds are cooperative and therefore are less likely
to be anxious.
Obtain a video film of a cardiac catheterization to show to the child prior to the
procedure.
Give the child a ride on a gurney to visit the cardiac catheterization lab and meet a
nurse who works there.
Obtain a cardiac catheter and demonstrate the procedure by pretending to put the
catheter in a doll or stuffed animal. - ANSWER-Give the child a ride on a gurney to
visit the cardiac catheterization lab and meet a nurse who works there.
Familiarizing the child and mother with the department (C) will help decrease anxiety
of the child and mother (who may have more anxiety than the child). Three is a
difficult age to undergo a procedure that requires cooperation. Restraints and
possibly sedation may be required (A). At three, the child is too young to understand
why this must be done, and (B) is not indicated. (D) is also not indicated because it is
likely to be interpreted as painful.
A 6-month-old boy and his mother are at the healthcare provider's office for a well-
baby check-up and routine immunizations. The healthcare provider recommends to
the mother that the child receive an influenza vaccine. What medications should the
nurse plan to administer today?
The routine immunizations and schedule another appointment to administer the
influenza vaccine. Incorrect
All the immunizations with the influenza vaccine given at a separate site from any
other injection.
The influenza vaccine and schedule another appointment to administer the
immunizations.
The influenza vaccine and the polio vaccine and schedule another appointment to
administer the remaining immunizations. - ANSWER-All the immunizations with the
influenza vaccine given at a separate site from any other injection.
At 6-months of age, the routine immunizations include Hepatitis B, DTaP, Hib
(Haemophilus influenza type b), PCV (Pneumococcal), IPV (inactivated poliovirus)
and influenza. The influenza vaccine should be given at a separate site from any
other injection (B). Scheduling a return visit (A, B, or C) increases the risk that the
mother will not bring the child back for the immunizations.
When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should
include which guideline?
Parental control should be consistent.
Children as young as 4 years rarely need reprimand or punishment.
Withdrawal of approval is effective.
Parents should enforce rigid rules to be followed without question. - ANSWER-
Parental control should be consistent.
Discipline should be a positive and necessary component of childrearing that is
started in infancy and should teach socially acceptable behavior, help children
QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT
ANSWERS
.
The most definitive measure of improved nutrition in an infant is obtaining the child's
daily weight (A). (B, C, and D) may also be useful, but they are not as definitive as a
daily weight measurement.
A three-month old boy weighing 10 lbs 15 oz has an axillary temperature of 98.9° F.
The nurse determines the daily caloric need for this child is approximately
400 calories per day.
500 calories per day.
600 calories per day.
700 calories per day. - ANSWER-600 calories per day.
10 lbs 15 oz = 10.9 lbs. Convert lbs to kg by dividing pounds by 2.2; 10.9/2.2 = 4.954
kg, rounded to 5 kg. An infant requires 108 calories/kg/day (108 × 5 = 540
calories/day). However, this infant requires 10% more calories because he has one
degree temperature elevation. 10% of 540 is 54 and 540 + 54 = 594. This infant will
require approximately 600 calories/day. Tough question! You know that 400 calories
are too few and 700 are too much, and a temperature elevation necessitates
consumption of more calories, so choose the higher of the two choices left!
Which measurements should be used to accurately calculate a pediatric medication
dosage? (Select all that apply.)
Child's height and weight.
Adult dosage of medication.
Body surface area of child.
Average adult's body surface area.
Average pediatric dosage of medication.
Nomogram determined mathematical constant. - ANSWER-Child's height and
weight.
Body surface area of child.
Nomogram determined mathematical constant.
Correct selections are (A, C, and F). The most accurate calculations of pediatric
dosages use the child's height and weight (A). The child's BSA is calculated using
the square root of weight in kg times height in cm divided by 3600 or the square root
of weight in lb times height in inches divided by 3131 (C), then the child's BSA is
multiplied by the recommended published dose per BSA. The nomogram (F) is used
to plot the child's height and weight, and the point at which they intersect is the BSA
mathematical constant used to calculate the child's dose. (B, D, and E) are not used
to calculate pediatric dosages.
The nurse is assessing a 2-year-old. What behavior indicates that the child's
language development is within normal limits?
, Is able to name four colors.
Can count five blocks.
Is capable of making a three word sentence.
Half of child's speech is understandable. - ANSWER-Half of child's speech is
understandable.
Between approximately 15 and 24 months of age, a child's speech is only half
understandable (D). (A and B) usually occur between 3 and 5 years of age. (C) is
usually accomplished by 18 months of age.
The nurse reviews the latest laboratory results for a child who received
chemotherapy last week and identifies a reduced neutrophil count. Which nursing
diagnosis has the highest priority for this child?
Risk for infection.
Risk for hemorrhage.
Altered skin integrity.
Disturbance in body image. - ANSWER-Risk for infection.
Chemotherapy (CT) suppresses phagocytotic neutrophils and places the child at risk
for infection (A), which is the priority nursing diagnosis. (B, C, and D) may be related
to the care of a child receiving CT are not related to neutropenia.
A child falls on the playground and is brought to the school nurse with a small
laceration on the forearm. Which action should the nurse implement first?
Slowly pour hydrogen peroxide over the open wound.
Apply ice to the area before rinsing with cold water.
Wash the wound gently with mild soap and water.
Gently cleanse with a sterile pad using povidone-iodine. - ANSWER-Wash the
wound gently with mild soap and water.
A small, superficial laceration to the skin should be washed gently with mild soap
and water (C) for several minutes, followed by thorough rinsing. (A and D) are
antiseptics that can be traumatic (painful) when cleaning fresh, open wounds.
Applying ice (B) may reduce or prevent further edema, but the wound should be
washed with mild soap and water first.
The nurse observes a 4-year-old boy in a daycare setting. Which behavior would the
nurse consider normal for this child?
Has a temper tantrum when told he must share his toys.
Plays by himself most of the day.
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
Begins to cry and is fearful when separated from his parents. - ANSWER-
Demonstrates aggressiveness by boasting when telling a story.
Four-year-old children are aggressive in their behavior and enjoy "tale telling" (C).
Behaviors in (A and D) are typical of toddlers. The play of a preschooler is
cooperative, so playing alone (B) is not typical.
, The nurse is developing a plan of care for a 3-year-old who is scheduled for a
cardiac catheterization. To assist in decreasing anxiety for the child on the day of the
procedure, which intervention is best for the nurse to implement?
Reassure the parents that 3-year-olds are cooperative and therefore are less likely
to be anxious.
Obtain a video film of a cardiac catheterization to show to the child prior to the
procedure.
Give the child a ride on a gurney to visit the cardiac catheterization lab and meet a
nurse who works there.
Obtain a cardiac catheter and demonstrate the procedure by pretending to put the
catheter in a doll or stuffed animal. - ANSWER-Give the child a ride on a gurney to
visit the cardiac catheterization lab and meet a nurse who works there.
Familiarizing the child and mother with the department (C) will help decrease anxiety
of the child and mother (who may have more anxiety than the child). Three is a
difficult age to undergo a procedure that requires cooperation. Restraints and
possibly sedation may be required (A). At three, the child is too young to understand
why this must be done, and (B) is not indicated. (D) is also not indicated because it is
likely to be interpreted as painful.
A 6-month-old boy and his mother are at the healthcare provider's office for a well-
baby check-up and routine immunizations. The healthcare provider recommends to
the mother that the child receive an influenza vaccine. What medications should the
nurse plan to administer today?
The routine immunizations and schedule another appointment to administer the
influenza vaccine. Incorrect
All the immunizations with the influenza vaccine given at a separate site from any
other injection.
The influenza vaccine and schedule another appointment to administer the
immunizations.
The influenza vaccine and the polio vaccine and schedule another appointment to
administer the remaining immunizations. - ANSWER-All the immunizations with the
influenza vaccine given at a separate site from any other injection.
At 6-months of age, the routine immunizations include Hepatitis B, DTaP, Hib
(Haemophilus influenza type b), PCV (Pneumococcal), IPV (inactivated poliovirus)
and influenza. The influenza vaccine should be given at a separate site from any
other injection (B). Scheduling a return visit (A, B, or C) increases the risk that the
mother will not bring the child back for the immunizations.
When discussing discipline with the mother of a 4-year-old child, the nurse should
include which guideline?
Parental control should be consistent.
Children as young as 4 years rarely need reprimand or punishment.
Withdrawal of approval is effective.
Parents should enforce rigid rules to be followed without question. - ANSWER-
Parental control should be consistent.
Discipline should be a positive and necessary component of childrearing that is
started in infancy and should teach socially acceptable behavior, help children
