USABO BIOSYSTEMATICS TEST LATEST
UPDATED
A taxonomic group can be any rank, including a species, family, or class.
ANSWER: Sister Taxa are groups of organisms that have a common ancestor.
Rooted Tree: ANSWER A phylogenetic tree where the most recent common
ancestor of all the taxa in the tree is a branch point, usually the one farthest to
the left.
Taxonomic Base: ANSWER Lineage that splits off early in a group's history
and so rests on a branch that starts close to the group's common ancestor
The answer to polytomy Point of branch when more than two descendent
groups appear
Apologies - ANSWERS Genetic and phylogenetic resemblances brought about
by shared ancestry
Phylogenetic and genetic similarities resulting from convergent evolution or
similar circumstances but geographically/temporally distinct evolution (arising
independently of each other) are examples of analogies.
Homoplasies: A ANSWER Characteristics that species have but that a common
ancestor or base taxon does not
Clades: ANSWER Species groups arranged into an ancestral species and all of
its offspring
Monophyletic: ANSWER A taxon or clane is made up of an ancestral species
and all of its offspring. Clade definition.
, Paraphyletic: A ANSWER A taxonomic group that includes some, but not all,
descendants of an ancestor species
A polyphyletic ANSWER A taxon that contains species that are distantly
related but excludes their most recent common ancestor
Shared Ancestral Character: ANSWER A character that comes from the taxon's
common ancestor
Shared Derived Character: Answer Character plus clade-specific evolutionary
novelty (not the full phylogenetic tree)
Outgroup: ANSWER An evolutionary lineage's species or group of species that
separated before the lineage of interest
Ingroup-ANSWER The lineage under investigation
ANSWER: Maximum Parsimony According to this principle, the simplest
explanation that makes sense given the circumstances should be looked into
first when examining several possible explanations for an observation.
Maximum Probability-ANSWER According to this approach, given specific
guidelines regarding how DNA evolves over time, one should pick the
phylogenetic hypothesis that most closely matches the sequence of evolutionary
events when weighing several.
Answer for Phylogenetic Bracketing a method wherein traits that two groups of
organisms have in common are anticipated to exist in their common ancestor
and all of its offspring (by parsimony).
ANSWER: orthologous genes Homology as a result of speciation events (for
example, the cytochrome c gene in humans and dogs)
Multiple copies of paralogous genes diverge from one another in species due to
ANSWER Homology, which is the outcome of gene duplication.
UPDATED
A taxonomic group can be any rank, including a species, family, or class.
ANSWER: Sister Taxa are groups of organisms that have a common ancestor.
Rooted Tree: ANSWER A phylogenetic tree where the most recent common
ancestor of all the taxa in the tree is a branch point, usually the one farthest to
the left.
Taxonomic Base: ANSWER Lineage that splits off early in a group's history
and so rests on a branch that starts close to the group's common ancestor
The answer to polytomy Point of branch when more than two descendent
groups appear
Apologies - ANSWERS Genetic and phylogenetic resemblances brought about
by shared ancestry
Phylogenetic and genetic similarities resulting from convergent evolution or
similar circumstances but geographically/temporally distinct evolution (arising
independently of each other) are examples of analogies.
Homoplasies: A ANSWER Characteristics that species have but that a common
ancestor or base taxon does not
Clades: ANSWER Species groups arranged into an ancestral species and all of
its offspring
Monophyletic: ANSWER A taxon or clane is made up of an ancestral species
and all of its offspring. Clade definition.
, Paraphyletic: A ANSWER A taxonomic group that includes some, but not all,
descendants of an ancestor species
A polyphyletic ANSWER A taxon that contains species that are distantly
related but excludes their most recent common ancestor
Shared Ancestral Character: ANSWER A character that comes from the taxon's
common ancestor
Shared Derived Character: Answer Character plus clade-specific evolutionary
novelty (not the full phylogenetic tree)
Outgroup: ANSWER An evolutionary lineage's species or group of species that
separated before the lineage of interest
Ingroup-ANSWER The lineage under investigation
ANSWER: Maximum Parsimony According to this principle, the simplest
explanation that makes sense given the circumstances should be looked into
first when examining several possible explanations for an observation.
Maximum Probability-ANSWER According to this approach, given specific
guidelines regarding how DNA evolves over time, one should pick the
phylogenetic hypothesis that most closely matches the sequence of evolutionary
events when weighing several.
Answer for Phylogenetic Bracketing a method wherein traits that two groups of
organisms have in common are anticipated to exist in their common ancestor
and all of its offspring (by parsimony).
ANSWER: orthologous genes Homology as a result of speciation events (for
example, the cytochrome c gene in humans and dogs)
Multiple copies of paralogous genes diverge from one another in species due to
ANSWER Homology, which is the outcome of gene duplication.
