Health Assessment Exam 3 NSG3160
1. What are the modifiable risks of CAD (coronary artery disease) - Correct Answer
Smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes
2. Does pain always mean cardiac reasons? What should you ask if patient is
experiencing chest pain? - Correct Answer NO - Is it sudden? What brings it on?
3. Signs of pulmonary embolism? - Correct Answer Sharp, stabbing pain that worsens
with deep breath
4. Signs of pneumonia? - Correct Answer Sharp, stabbing, but associated with a cough
5. Signs of pneumothorax? - Correct Answer Acute, sudden, sharp
6. Signs of GI-related? - Correct Answer Burning sensation with eating large meals
7. What is S1 and what causes the sound? - Correct Answer Start of systole and serves
as a reference point for Oming of all cardiac sounds - Caused by the closure of AV
valves - LUB (apex)
8. What causes the sound of S2? - Correct Answer Closure of the semilunar valves -
DUB (base)
9. What are summation sounds? - Correct Answer When both the pathological S3 and
S4 are present then a quadruple rhythm is heard
10. What is a murmur? - Correct Answer Occurs with turbulent blood flow in the heart -
Blowing, swooshing sound
11. What is pericardial friction rub? - Correct Answer Inflammation of the pericardium
gives rise to friction rub - High pitched and scratchy, heard with a diaphragm when a
person is sitting up
12. What are the locations of the heart valves? - Correct Answer Aortic: second right
interspace -----Pulmonic: second left interspace-------- Erbs: third left interspace-----
Tricuspid: left lower sternal border ----- Mitral: Fifth interspace around the left
midclavicular line
13. What should you do when you hear a split S2 and when does it occur? - Correct
Answer Concentrate on the split as you watch the person's chest rise up and down with
normal breathing---Every fourth heartbeat fading in with inhalation and fading out with
exhalation
, 14. What should you NOT do when hearing a split S2? - Correct Answer DO NOT have
the person hold their breath-- Breath-holding only equalizes ejection times in the right
and left sides of the heart and causes the split to go away.
15. What is a thrill? - Correct Answer Palpable vibration, feels like the throat of a purring
cat
16. What is a thrill caused by? - Correct Answer Turbulent blood flow and directs you to
locate the origin of loud murmurs
18. What is apical impulse and how to assess it? - Correct Answer Palpate left of the
sternal border down the midclavicular line between the 4th and 5th intercoastal space.
19. What position should you have a patient in when estimating jugular venous
pressure? - Correct Answer 45 degrees
20. How much exercise should you teach your patient? - Correct Answer 5 times a
week, at least 30 minutes each time
21. Why should patients take low-dose aspirin every day? - Correct Answer Control BP
22. What should you teach if the patient smokes? - Correct Answer Teach about
smoking cessation and exercise
23. What are key expected findings - Correct Answer cardiac-wise, in an older patient?,
Increase in systolic pressure from arteriosclerosis - The presence of supraventricular
dysrhythmias increases - EEG from changes in the conduction system - OrthostaOc
hypotension
24. What do you want to educate an older patient about? - Correct Answer Take their
time when moving from sitting to supine and from sitting to standing positions due to
orthostatic hypotension - Put call light on to have staff help get up to prevent falls
25. What is arteriosclerosis? - Correct Answer Thickening/stiffening of arteries caused
by collagen and calcium deposits, loss of elasticity
26. How should you assess carotid pulse? - Correct Answer One at a time to avoid
having the patient pass out.
27. What is a pulse deficit and how do you figure it out? - Correct Answer Difference
from apical and radial pulse = pulse deficit & Irregularity
What are the aggravating and relieving factors of chronic arterial (PAD)? - Correct
Answer a. Aggrivating - activity, elevation
b. Relieving factors - Rest
1. What are the modifiable risks of CAD (coronary artery disease) - Correct Answer
Smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes
2. Does pain always mean cardiac reasons? What should you ask if patient is
experiencing chest pain? - Correct Answer NO - Is it sudden? What brings it on?
3. Signs of pulmonary embolism? - Correct Answer Sharp, stabbing pain that worsens
with deep breath
4. Signs of pneumonia? - Correct Answer Sharp, stabbing, but associated with a cough
5. Signs of pneumothorax? - Correct Answer Acute, sudden, sharp
6. Signs of GI-related? - Correct Answer Burning sensation with eating large meals
7. What is S1 and what causes the sound? - Correct Answer Start of systole and serves
as a reference point for Oming of all cardiac sounds - Caused by the closure of AV
valves - LUB (apex)
8. What causes the sound of S2? - Correct Answer Closure of the semilunar valves -
DUB (base)
9. What are summation sounds? - Correct Answer When both the pathological S3 and
S4 are present then a quadruple rhythm is heard
10. What is a murmur? - Correct Answer Occurs with turbulent blood flow in the heart -
Blowing, swooshing sound
11. What is pericardial friction rub? - Correct Answer Inflammation of the pericardium
gives rise to friction rub - High pitched and scratchy, heard with a diaphragm when a
person is sitting up
12. What are the locations of the heart valves? - Correct Answer Aortic: second right
interspace -----Pulmonic: second left interspace-------- Erbs: third left interspace-----
Tricuspid: left lower sternal border ----- Mitral: Fifth interspace around the left
midclavicular line
13. What should you do when you hear a split S2 and when does it occur? - Correct
Answer Concentrate on the split as you watch the person's chest rise up and down with
normal breathing---Every fourth heartbeat fading in with inhalation and fading out with
exhalation
, 14. What should you NOT do when hearing a split S2? - Correct Answer DO NOT have
the person hold their breath-- Breath-holding only equalizes ejection times in the right
and left sides of the heart and causes the split to go away.
15. What is a thrill? - Correct Answer Palpable vibration, feels like the throat of a purring
cat
16. What is a thrill caused by? - Correct Answer Turbulent blood flow and directs you to
locate the origin of loud murmurs
18. What is apical impulse and how to assess it? - Correct Answer Palpate left of the
sternal border down the midclavicular line between the 4th and 5th intercoastal space.
19. What position should you have a patient in when estimating jugular venous
pressure? - Correct Answer 45 degrees
20. How much exercise should you teach your patient? - Correct Answer 5 times a
week, at least 30 minutes each time
21. Why should patients take low-dose aspirin every day? - Correct Answer Control BP
22. What should you teach if the patient smokes? - Correct Answer Teach about
smoking cessation and exercise
23. What are key expected findings - Correct Answer cardiac-wise, in an older patient?,
Increase in systolic pressure from arteriosclerosis - The presence of supraventricular
dysrhythmias increases - EEG from changes in the conduction system - OrthostaOc
hypotension
24. What do you want to educate an older patient about? - Correct Answer Take their
time when moving from sitting to supine and from sitting to standing positions due to
orthostatic hypotension - Put call light on to have staff help get up to prevent falls
25. What is arteriosclerosis? - Correct Answer Thickening/stiffening of arteries caused
by collagen and calcium deposits, loss of elasticity
26. How should you assess carotid pulse? - Correct Answer One at a time to avoid
having the patient pass out.
27. What is a pulse deficit and how do you figure it out? - Correct Answer Difference
from apical and radial pulse = pulse deficit & Irregularity
What are the aggravating and relieving factors of chronic arterial (PAD)? - Correct
Answer a. Aggrivating - activity, elevation
b. Relieving factors - Rest
