1
Life Sciences
Grade 10
Term 1_2025
Resources; NSC_ March 2024 Common Test, TSP_2022 subject workbook, MOPANI WEST
DISTRICT_MARCH2024, Life Sciences Formal Test 2.1 FS/March 2024. IMPAQ T1_2021.
Revision Booklet_2024 WCED.
Content
1. Scientific skills
2. The Chemistry of Life
3. Cells: The Basic Unit of Life
4. Cell division: Mitosis
Multiple choice questions
Organic Organic molecules are made up of carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and
molecules oxygen (O) and some contain other elements, such as nitrogen (N)
and phosphorous (P)
Centrosome The organelle that generates spindle fibres in an animal cell during
mitosis is centrosome
Inorganic Inorganic compounds do not contain the element carbon and are
compounds not produced by living organisms e.g., water, gases and minerals.
Cells Cells are made up of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
and vitamins
Lipids (fats and Lipids contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Examples
oils) of lipids include cooking oils e.g. sunflower oil, butter and
margarine
Saturated fats Saturated fats have single bonds in the fatty acid chain and are
mainly derived from animals. Saturated fats are mainly solids at
room temperature e.g. butter and cheese.
Unsaturated Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid
fats chain and are mainly derived from plants. Unsaturated fats are
liquids at room temperature e.g. olive oil, canola oil and sunflower
oil
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids combine, and a tripeptide is formed
when three amino acids combine. A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids
linked by peptide bonds.
Night blindness is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin A.
Enzymes Enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed
up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the
chemical reaction itself.
Ribosomes The part of a cell where proteins are made
Eutrophication An increase in the nutrient levels in dams and lakes because of the
excess use of fertiliser by farmers
Mitochondrion A powerhouse of a cell
Amino Acid The subunits which make up all proteins
Substrate The substance on which enzymes act
Lysosome The vacuole in animal cells that contains enzymes
Clips/Clamps The part of the microscope that holds the specimen slide in position
Meristematic Undifferentiated and unspecialised tissue that occurs in the growth
tissue regions of plants.
Metaphase The phase where chromosomes arrange themselves on the
equatorial level.
Osmosis The movement of water from a high water potential to a low water
potential through a differentially permeable membrane.
Cardiac muscle
IMPAQ T1_2021
Phloem Tissue that transport dissolved organic food from the leaves to other
parts of the plant.
Parenchyma The most common tissue type in plants, thin-walled with large
vacuoles
Turgor pressure The pressure that the contents of a cell exert on the cell wall.
Ribosome Small, roundish structures found in the groundplasm, especially on
the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER).
Areolar The tissue that binds skin to the body.
connective
tissue
Cholesterol and • Cholesterol is a lipid and a white, wax-like substance that is
heart disease: found in the human body and is part of cell membranes.
• Excessive intake of saturated fats leads to high cholesterol
levels in the blood.
• High cholesterol levels on the blood cause fatty deposits in
arteries thereby narrowing the arteries
• This interferes with the transport of blood and can lead to a
heart attack.
Nucleic acids • Nucleic acids are made up of the elements carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P).
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
• There are two types of nucleic acids i.e. DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, and it carries the
hereditary characteristics.
• RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell and
plays a role in protein synthesis.
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Chloroplasts
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Test for glucose: Benedict solution (a blue liquid) is used to test for glucose.
Benedict’s Test solution e.g. fruit juice
solution
Water bath
2. Test for starch: Iodine solution (a brown liquid) is used to test for starch. The
potato turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution
Potato Peeled Add iodine
potato solution
TEST FOR PROTEINS
Test for proteins: The Biuret test is used to test for proteins.
@Juffrou_Ansie
Life Sciences
Grade 10
Term 1_2025
Resources; NSC_ March 2024 Common Test, TSP_2022 subject workbook, MOPANI WEST
DISTRICT_MARCH2024, Life Sciences Formal Test 2.1 FS/March 2024. IMPAQ T1_2021.
Revision Booklet_2024 WCED.
Content
1. Scientific skills
2. The Chemistry of Life
3. Cells: The Basic Unit of Life
4. Cell division: Mitosis
Multiple choice questions
Organic Organic molecules are made up of carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and
molecules oxygen (O) and some contain other elements, such as nitrogen (N)
and phosphorous (P)
Centrosome The organelle that generates spindle fibres in an animal cell during
mitosis is centrosome
Inorganic Inorganic compounds do not contain the element carbon and are
compounds not produced by living organisms e.g., water, gases and minerals.
Cells Cells are made up of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids
and vitamins
Lipids (fats and Lipids contain carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). Examples
oils) of lipids include cooking oils e.g. sunflower oil, butter and
margarine
Saturated fats Saturated fats have single bonds in the fatty acid chain and are
mainly derived from animals. Saturated fats are mainly solids at
room temperature e.g. butter and cheese.
Unsaturated Unsaturated fats have one or more double bonds in the fatty acid
fats chain and are mainly derived from plants. Unsaturated fats are
liquids at room temperature e.g. olive oil, canola oil and sunflower
oil
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 2
A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids combine, and a tripeptide is formed
when three amino acids combine. A polypeptide is a long chain of amino acids
linked by peptide bonds.
Night blindness is a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin A.
Enzymes Enzymes are proteins. Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed
up the rate of a chemical reaction without being used up in the
chemical reaction itself.
Ribosomes The part of a cell where proteins are made
Eutrophication An increase in the nutrient levels in dams and lakes because of the
excess use of fertiliser by farmers
Mitochondrion A powerhouse of a cell
Amino Acid The subunits which make up all proteins
Substrate The substance on which enzymes act
Lysosome The vacuole in animal cells that contains enzymes
Clips/Clamps The part of the microscope that holds the specimen slide in position
Meristematic Undifferentiated and unspecialised tissue that occurs in the growth
tissue regions of plants.
Metaphase The phase where chromosomes arrange themselves on the
equatorial level.
Osmosis The movement of water from a high water potential to a low water
potential through a differentially permeable membrane.
Cardiac muscle
IMPAQ T1_2021
Phloem Tissue that transport dissolved organic food from the leaves to other
parts of the plant.
Parenchyma The most common tissue type in plants, thin-walled with large
vacuoles
Turgor pressure The pressure that the contents of a cell exert on the cell wall.
Ribosome Small, roundish structures found in the groundplasm, especially on
the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER).
Areolar The tissue that binds skin to the body.
connective
tissue
Cholesterol and • Cholesterol is a lipid and a white, wax-like substance that is
heart disease: found in the human body and is part of cell membranes.
• Excessive intake of saturated fats leads to high cholesterol
levels in the blood.
• High cholesterol levels on the blood cause fatty deposits in
arteries thereby narrowing the arteries
• This interferes with the transport of blood and can lead to a
heart attack.
Nucleic acids • Nucleic acids are made up of the elements carbon (C),
hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P).
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 3
• There are two types of nucleic acids i.e. DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
• DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell, and it carries the
hereditary characteristics.
• RNA is found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of a cell and
plays a role in protein synthesis.
Nucleus
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
@Juffrou_Ansie
, 4
Chloroplasts
TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES
1. Test for glucose: Benedict solution (a blue liquid) is used to test for glucose.
Benedict’s Test solution e.g. fruit juice
solution
Water bath
2. Test for starch: Iodine solution (a brown liquid) is used to test for starch. The
potato turns blue-black in the presence of iodine solution
Potato Peeled Add iodine
potato solution
TEST FOR PROTEINS
Test for proteins: The Biuret test is used to test for proteins.
@Juffrou_Ansie
